tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21013377083078449322024-03-13T03:12:31.974-07:00Term paper writingIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.comBlogger83125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-80363010823089742792020-08-24T01:03:00.001-07:002020-08-24T01:03:03.033-07:00Prevention Of Pressure UlcerIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-7563160046050071122020-08-22T00:11:00.001-07:002020-08-22T00:11:20.902-07:00Book Review :: essays research papersà à à à à Facing Death, Finding Love: The Healing Power of Grief and Loss in One Familyââ¬â¢s Life was composed by Dawson Church. 1994. 140p. Aslan Publishing. Dawson Church is a distributer, editorial manager and creator. Past books he has created or co-wrote incorporate The Heart of the Healer and Communing with the Spirit of Your Unborn Child. He fills in as CEO of Atrium Publishers Group â⬠a book wholesaler and lives with his better half and two kids in Lake County, California. à à à à à Dawson Church begins with his affirmations of thankfulness to all the individuals that have bolstered him in the composition and distributing of this book. The presentation by Churchââ¬â¢s manager, Hal Zina Bennett, Ph.D., mirrors the facts uncovered in the bookââ¬â¢s substance as updates that in opening our hearts and brains to the best secrets of all â⬠the huge puzzles of life and passing â⬠we find an affection that is as amazing in the getting as in the giving, rising above the entirety of our most profound and most appalling feelings. Possibly the most ideal approach to depict and summarize the substance of Churchââ¬â¢s book that perusers are going to find is as followâ⬠¦ à à à à à à à à à à ââ¬Å"It is maybe in misery that we find the power that conveyed us by and by into manifestation, the explanation we embodied in any case. It is in the tearing open of heart that we find how monitored our lives have become, how little a confine we have exchanged off for safe ground. We perceive how our work is to be all the more cherishing, to live more completely in a regularly confounding world.â⬠Church utilizes nine parts along with his afterword and index A: Grieving Rituals just as addendum B: Connecting With the Soul to cover all the substance of this book. à à à à à Chapter one â⬠The Death â⬠begins with the vision that demise can come out of the blue to anybody at whenever or wherever when one least gets ready for it. Passing to Church and his better half just as to numerous individuals on the planet are difficult to perceive and manage. He keeps think of inquiries, for example, ââ¬Å"We felt him kicking simply the previous evening. What could have occurred among at that point and now? We didnââ¬â¢t feel any battle. Most likely he would have alarmed us if something weren't right? He could have conveyed his trouble, and we could have known and maybe done something.â⬠Church couldnââ¬â¢t get over the startling demise of Montague since he imagined that no chance it might be happened when he and his better half didn't disregard any part of thinking about the newborn child in the belly. Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-43232943378316261422020-07-15T22:14:00.001-07:002020-07-15T22:14:03.123-07:00A Case for Lower Case L LiteratureA Case for Lower Case L Literature This is a guest post from Rachel Wagner. Rachel writes fiction, poetry, and essays. She teaches at Seton Hall University and lives in Newark, NJ with her son. A friend of mine told me a while ago, while she was still in high school, that she doesnât read. When I acted surprised about it, she told me that she does read, but itâs just hood books. I was like⦠so you read. That âjustâ phrasing revealed a lot to me about how readers of lower case L literature feel about their books and themselves. Itâs implied that certain genres of writing are not worthy of critical inspection, and that hurts Literature too because when people reading hood books or romance donât consider themselves readers, they wonât venture out to other genres. This barrier alienates readers. Lower case L literature obviously doesnât get the same respect that capital L Literature does. But why? More people buy them. Theyâre faster to get through. Theyâre engaging. Theyâre accessible. Especially now, when peopleâs attention span for reading has been shortened by the internet, literature seems like it would be a great avenue to make literary conversations and academic writing more popular. Recently, it was taking me forever (in a good way) to get through Norman Ohlerâs Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich. Day after day, Iâd pick it up and read as much as I could, but sometimes the words just blurred and I would lose the narrative. I also have a two year old, so long stretches of reading are hard to come by. Then Danielle Santiagoâs book Grindinâ showed up from an interlibrary loan. I packed my kid up right away to go pick it up. I put Blitzed on pause and read Grindinâ in a day and a half. And it felt great. I was so happy to be back in a story. It was especially nice to be immediately curious, interested, and eager to find time to read. That book made it easier to return to and finish Blitzed after a couple days. Usually the first thing I want to do when I finish a book is go to Google and see what other people have said about it. For Literary books like Blitzed thatâs easy. There are tons are articles and think pieces and Twitter threads. Thatâs true of some popular literature books too, like Sister Souljahâs Coldest Winter Ever, but more often, thereâs close to nothing. Nothing pops up right away for Grindinâ, even though the writer is fairly well known. Sites like Amazon and Goodreads become the place to converse, which is great in some ways, but, again, is isolating because itâs practically the only place where those conversations are happening. Hood books have this special quality about them that allows you to just get through it. The pacing of the story moves quickly, and itâs easy to lose track of time. Zane books, all of Sister Souljahâs novels, the Cartel seriesâ"these books seem to physically pull you in. Similarly, romance novels drag you in. Sophie Kinsellaâs Shopaholic series, for example, are genuinely fun to read. The chapter in which the narrator, Rebecca, is helping her love interest shop for suitcases was the first time Iâd laughed out loud at a book since Tina Feyâs memoir. The most recent romance novel I read was An Extraordinary Union by Alyssa Cole, and the writing itself felt like Literature. It crossed over to historical fiction, and used a complex situation to say something larger about American culture. These are not simple books. The repeated use of erotic triangles that run through these genres canât be the problem, since that narrative runs through a lot of Literary books. The readership, which includes a lot of women and prisoners, could be part of the stigma. The writers, who are usually marginalized by race, gender, or both and usually not MFA graduates, may also have something to do with it. The treatment of those commonly associated with literature, though, shows exactly why these books are important right now. Limiting the conversation that surrounds these texts that are relevant, meaningful to peopleâs lives, has serious consequences. Megan Sweeney did work on the topic of what incarcerated women read and the popularity of hood books in prisons, and more and more with middle class white and black women as well. In Keepin It Real: Incarcerated Womens Readings of African American Urban Fiction, she explains that âthe genre allows readers to consider their experiences and speech patterns as worthy of representation in a bookâ (139). Publishing them is one piece of legitimizing the stories, but talking about them would enhance that. These stories are important and deserve critical inspection, and the more writing that gets done on these books, the better theyâll become. Thereâs a certain kind of power in being able to pick up a book and dive right in. Lower case L literature has a magnetic quality about it. These books stand alone and are also great in between more complex books. Most importantly, they tell necessary stories. Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-23120823830377999372020-05-21T13:34:00.001-07:002020-05-21T13:34:04.592-07:00Essay on Pride and Prejudice Adaptations in Modern Film Love in Relationships vs. Love for Oneself In a day where loving yourself first is not only accepted but often expected, it is a stretch for the 20th (or 21st) century mind to see marriage as a necessity, as it was for Jane Austen and some of the greatest of her heroines. Marriage for money and convenience, as well as familial preservation, formally dominated matchmaking choices. Love and romance were but luxuries in the business-like fashion of marriage. Austen contested this reality and criticized it, but she also placed one thing above romance: the Self. Austen undoubtedly prizes respect for the Self above social expectation and relationships. Handler and Segal (45) noted that themes of ââ¬Å"independence, dependence, and choiceâ⬠areâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦We presently live in a society and culture that emphasizes the Self over family and even wealth. A little tidbit of American wisdom explains this well: ââ¬Å"it doesnââ¬â¢t matter what you do as long as you enjoy doing it.â⬠Of course the desir es for riches and success are still present, but it is certainly more acceptable for someone to abandon his job on Wall Street to ââ¬Å"follow his dream,â⬠whatever that may be. And as for disappointing oneââ¬â¢s family, well young people today are almost always anticipated to do so. ââ¬Å"Findingâ⬠oneself is even now considered a step in normal development. Elizabeth Bennet would have probably fit right in. It should also be noted that Austen ignored the world outside of her respective settings. Pride and Prejudice does not make one direct mention of the on-going Napoleonic wars other than to state the presence of soldiers in Meryton. This is evidence of her investigation of the Self and how the quest for self-knowledge may overshadow the major events of the day. Today we still deal with this nasty exchange of concern for the world in favor of the concern for ourselves. Although Austen put emphasis on the Self she did not by any means ignore romance. Pride and Prejudice does include love-stories reminiscent of Shakespeareââ¬â¢s comedies, like The Merchant of Venice, with the happy-ending-for-all-who-deserve-it conclusion. Jane and Bingley live happily ever after with lots ofShow MoreRelatedJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1446 Words à |à 6 PagesAustenââ¬â¢s: Pride and Prejudice; two well-known versions would be Sue Birtwistleââ¬â¢s 1995 BBC miniseries and Joe Wrightââ¬â¢s 2005 version. Both films depict a love story between a man and a woman who have to overcome a series of obstacles to end up together. It is clear that these two very different directors interpret the original novel in their own way, but is it more important to stay true to the original, or to tweak and change some of it? When it comes to Jane Austenââ¬â¢s Pride and Prejudice, Birthwistleââ¬â¢sRead MorePride and Prejudice V Bride and Prejudice1600 Words à |à 7 PagesThe way of life in this modern society has developed itself over hundreds of years. Still, however changed, the values of todays society remain from the period of Regency England. Regency England, being the super power of the world in the 18th century, imposed the morals and ethics upon the world as they did their own country, where people were expected to abide by. Jane Austen illustrates the values of this prejudiced society through Pride and Prejudice, which involved the role of women as a majorRead MorePride And Prejudice V Bride And Prejudice Essay1603 Words à |à 7 PagesThe way of life in this modern society has developed itself over hundreds of years. Still, however changed, the values of todays society remain from the period of Regency England. Regency England, being the super power of the world in the 18th century, imposed the morals and ethics upon the world as they did their own country, where people were expected to abide by. Jane Austen illustrates the value s of this prejudiced society through Pride and Prejudice, which involved the role of women as a majorRead MoreEqual Engagement: In Marriage and Between Cultures Essay1503 Words à |à 7 Pages Jane Austenââ¬â¢s Pride and Prejudice illuminates a social courtship between the proud Mister Fitzwilliam Darcy and the shrewd, unconventional Miss Elizabeth Bennet. Elizabeth is proud of her own identity. She astutely justifies herself as ââ¬Å"a gentlemanââ¬â¢s daughterâ⬠(Austen 337) in her confrontation with the prejudiced and class-conscious Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Mister Fitzwilliam Darcy, who shares Elizabethââ¬â¢s sharp tongue, comes from a family of high social status; his privileged upbringing instilledRead MoreLiterary Analysis : Pride And Prejudice 1420 Words à |à 6 PagesProse analysis Page 6 Reflections ââ¬â your opinion of author novel (see your reaction journal) Page 7 Works Cited (minimum of 5 reliable sources) Felicia L. Cridland Professor Kay DeCasper English 1101-98 4 October 2017 Pride and Prejudice Research Paper Pride and Prejudice is a romance novel by Jane Austen, first published in 1813. The story charts the emotional development of the protagonist, Elizabeth Bennet, who learns the error of making hasty judgments and comes to appreciate the differenceRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice Essay1756 Words à |à 8 Pagesthen in turn producing TV shows, films, etc. She is an ââ¬Å"innovator who has trimmed away the flab of formâ⬠¦ to cause verbiage in othersâ⬠(Lynch, ââ¬Å"Sequelsâ⬠160). Austen is best known for her merit in writing social commentary to bridge the gap between romance and realism. This essay will use Lost in Austen, an adaptation of Austenââ¬â¢s Pride and Prejudice, in order to address both radical and conservative natures the TV mini-series generates as opposed to the novel. The modern escapism and fantasy Lost in AustenRead MoreManners in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen3437 Words à |à 14 Pages Pride and Prejudice Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice not only established her historical importance among scholars and critics, but continues to remain popular. Pride and Prejudice, a comedy of manners, was published in 1813, and is a staple of the English literature. It recreates the social world of the landed gentry of early 19th-century England and embodies the theme that preconceptions and egotism can overcome true love. Pride and Prejudice is somewhat autobiographical; emphasizes the key elementsRead More Mansfield Park, the novel, or Mansfield Park the film? Essay1842 Words à |à 8 Pages There have been many adaptations of Jane Austens books over the years; all six of her novels have been made into films or television dramas with varying degrees of success, from the classics of Persuasion, Pride amp; Prejudice and Sense amp; Sensibility, to the funny modern version of Emma in the form of Clueless. In this paper I want to show how director Patricia Rozema has made Austens novel Mansfield Park mu ch more modern, accessible, and, as some claim, radical, by skipping parts of theRead MoreThe Poignant Prophet By Aldous Huxley1680 Words à |à 7 PagesIf his death had been at any other time, it would have been published in every newspaper (Garret). A majority of Huxleyââ¬â¢s popular works contain a few themes that are consistent throughout his writings. Among them, Utopian society, mysticism, and modern change in society are the most popular subjects discussed by critics. Huxleyââ¬â¢s most popular novel Brave New World is the center of many of these debates; his other works reflect his philosophy by different methods. Utopian society is best representedRead MoreSymbolism Of The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1956 Words à |à 8 PagesIf it is important, it is remembered. If it has any value, it will last far into the future, if not forever. This is why Michelangeloââ¬â¢s David, the Mona Lisa, the automobile, The Beatles, and Pride and Prejudice are all remembered. If it is the first to make an impact, it becomes important. That is when it will affect people in future generations. For example, the Model T is not produced anymore, but is the grandfather of almost every car made today, affecting jobs, businesses, people, and the world Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-21985419865835156222020-05-06T23:22:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:22:35.842-07:00The Immortal Heroes of Homerââ¬â¢s Iliad Essay - 1419 Words The Immortal Heroes of Homerââ¬â¢s Iliad In Homerââ¬â¢s Iliad, a warrior can only attain heroism and immortality by embracing an early death. Jean-Pierre Vernant describes this paradox in his essay, ââ¬Å"A ââ¬ËBeautiful Deathââ¬â¢ and the Disfigured Corpse in Homeric Epic.â⬠According to Vernant, heroes accept the fact that life is short and ââ¬Å"devote themselves completely and single-mindedly to war, adventure, glory, and deathâ⬠(53). 1 Curiously, this is because heroes overcome death only when they embrace it (57). The importance of death stems from the fact that the individual is defined by his reputation and esteem among others, as Vernant points out when he argues that . . . real death lies in amnesia, silence, demeaning obscurity, the absence ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Heroes devote themselves to ideals of strength and bravery, die gloriously on the battlefield, and are immortalized by the poetry of generation (22.304). 2 Many passages in the Iliad demonstrate this heroic endeavor to die a death worthy of future generationsââ¬â¢ praise, but most visible among them is the description of the shield of Achilleus. Fashioned by Hephaistos, this shield depicts many scenes, but one scene in particular stands out in its relation to the greater epicââ¬âthe vineyard. This pastoral scene can be read as a rich allegory of the heroic quest for glory and immortality. The vineyardââ¬â¢s structure resembles the Achaian camp and the fortifications of war. Hephaistos inscribed on the bronze shield ââ¬Å"a field-ditch of dark metal, and drove all around this a fence of tinâ⬠(18.564). The combination of ditch and fence recalls the defenses that the Achaians built around their own ships: Poseidon described earlier how the Achaians had ââ¬Å"built a wall landward of their ships, and driven about it / a ditchâ⬠(7.448). Thus, the shield displays an artistic representation of the Achaian camp. The contents of the vineyard foreshadow the fate of heroes, to which Achilleus will soon fall victim: ââ¬Å"the grapes upon [the shield] were darkened / and the vines themselves stood out through poles of silverâ⬠(18.562). The clusters of grapes evoke the countless number of men who were earlier compared to ââ¬Å"the swarms of clustering bees that issue forever / in fresh burstsShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Poem Of Troy1356 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe history. Iliad portrays the siege of a dynamic ancient Greek epic poem of Troy, which is attributed to Homer. Adventurous and braveness with god-like qualities is used to describe the ancient classic Greek heroes in this poem. Iliad is now known as one of the aged surviving ancient Greek epic poems, which directly relates to the events near the end of Trojan War. Heroic figures are considered important in Greek history due to some qualities included; having one immortal parent, bornRead MoreA Dynamic Greek Epic Poem Iliad1354 Words à |à 6 Pagestheir history. A dynamic Greek epic poem Iliad portrays the siege of Troy, attributed to Homer. Adventurous and braveness with god-like qualities describe an ancient classic Greek hero in this poem. Iliad is known now as one of the oldest in two surviving ancient Greek epic poems relating the events near the end of Trojan War. Heroââ¬â¢s are known as important figures in ancient Greek history and some of their qualities included; having one immortal parent, born into royalty, having an unusualRead MoreIliad - Self image1193 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿The Iliad Essay Prompt 1. Complete one take home essay. Provide textual evidence, specific lines and incidents from The Iliad that proves your thesis. You may also draw from The Odyssey. Use in text parenthetical documentation according to MLA standards. The style guide that many colleges use is DianaHacker.com. We will use this style guide for both MLA format and grammar and mechanics. If you have any questions about MLA format, refer to DianaHacker.com. This paper needs to read asRead MoreThe Iliad Vs. Troy1692 Words à |à 7 PagesSlater Poem vs Film The Iliad vs ââ¬Å"Troyâ⬠Achilles and Hector fighting with Athena and Apollo on both sides of the Warriors Introduction Written by the ancient Greek poet, Homer, The Iliad was an epic documented on the nearly 10-year long war between the Trojans and the Greeks. Although the epic had occurred in 1194ââ¬â1184 BC, the epic was passed down through generations, orally, until Homer wrote the Iliad 500 years after the Trojan war in 750 BC. An adaptation of the Homersââ¬â¢ Iliad is David Benioffââ¬â¢sRead More Essay on Hector as the Ideal Homeric Man of Homers Iliad1358 Words à |à 6 PagesHector as the Ideal Homeric Man of Homers Iliadà à à à à Homers Iliad enthralls readers with itsââ¬â¢ valiant heroes who fight for the glory of Greece. The Iliad, however, is not just a story of war; it is also a story of individuals. Through the characters words and actions, Homer paints portraits of petulant Achilles and vain Agamemnon, doomed Paris and Helen, loyal Patroclus, tragic Priam, versatile Odysseus, and the whole cast of Gods. Ironically, the most complete character in the epic isRead MoreIliad Overview 1298 Words à |à 6 Pagescan derive many causes from the poems. The Iliad of Homer, throughout which several things are, derived from the compilation of twenty-4 books, models the conventional of writing an epic; Homer units the usual through compiling two of basically essentially the most nicely-identified epics of the world. Homer now not solely has given two of the best epic poems however moreover has offered the proper insight of the Greek custom and civilization. The Iliad a lot notably conceived like a wrestle timeRead MoreVirgil s The Iliad And The Odyssey1403 Words à |à 6 PagesVirgil s Aeneid takes a character form Homerââ¬â¢s Odyssey and constructs a life for him beyond Homerââ¬â¢s ideas. It is quite obvious that Virgil was heavily influenced by both Homerââ¬â¢s writings, The Iliad and the Odyssey. Both stories tell of parallel journeys home from Troy at the end of the Trojan War. Homerââ¬â¢s Odysseus is returning to Greece and the family he left behind ten years ago. Virgilââ¬â¢s Aeneas, in contrast has been given a direct command by the God, Mercury to create a new Empire. Both menRead MoreHomer s The Iliad And The Odyssey Essay1590 Words à |à 7 Pagesstories of the world of the ancient Greeks, the Iliad and The Odyssey. However, none are certain of the time in which Homer lived. It is believed now that, if Homer was at all more than myth himself, he did not create the two stories, rather he organized or edited the poems in a written form (Bloom). Reg ardless of Homerââ¬â¢s involvement with the two stories, these ancient tales are distinct and characterized by the world in which they were conceived. The Iliad and The Odyssey both heavily draw inspirationRead MoreThe Epic Of Homer s The Iliad1297 Words à |à 6 Pageswriting of Homerââ¬â¢s The Iliad. Fast-forward to 2004, the age of media, where the epic adventure war film Troy was released, starring none other than Brad Pitt as Achilles; so dreamy. Despite the fact these works of art were executed in different cultures thousands of years apart, as well as in different mediums, their characters greatly contrast each other. On the other hand, these different genres are comparable in the fact that Troy follows many of the important plot concepts as The Iliad. The filmingRead MoreThe Heroic Code Of Homer s Iliad1208 Words à |à 5 Pages Homerââ¬â¢s Iliad depicts a tale of war that focuses on various human-centered themes that focus on describing the kind of people that ought to strive to become. This is characterized by the heroic code, which is the ultimate desire of each hero in the epic poem. The heroic code, according to Homer, focuses on the simple premise of a hero achieving honor, which is also understood to be peer-received esteem. Homer depicts this important value as what most humans would seek to achieve, because this important Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-58299275271267369972020-05-06T07:55:00.001-07:002020-05-06T07:55:43.778-07:00Concept of Phytoremediation Free Essays In recent years it has become clear that some environmental chemicals can cause risks to the developing embryo and fetus. Evaluating the developmental toxicity of environmental chemicals is now a prominent public health concern. The suspected association between TCE and congenital cardiac malformations warrants special attention because TCE is a common drinking water contaminant that is detected in water supplies throughout the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of Phytoremediation or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. and the world. There is a lot of concern about the clean up of toxic pollutants from the environment. Traditional methods for cleaning up contaminated sites such as dig and haul, pump and treat, soil venting, air sparging and others are generally harmful to habitats. Some methods strip the soil of vital nutrients and microorganisms, so nothing can grow on the site, even if it has been decontaminated. Typically these mechanical methods are also very expensive. Most of the remediation technologies that are currently in use are very expensive, relatively inefficient and generate a lot of waste, to be disposed of. Phytoremediation is a novel, efficient, environmentally friendly, low-cost technology, which uses plants and trees to clean up soil and water contaminated with heavy metals and/or organic contaminants such as solvents, crude oil, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and other toxic compounds from contaminated environments. This technology is useful for soil and water remediation. Phytoremediation uses one basic concept: the plant takes the pollutant through the roots. The pollutant can be stored in the plant (phytoextraction), volatized by the plant (phytovolatization), metabolized by the plant (phytodegradation), or any combination of the above. Phytoextraction is the uptake and storage of pollutants in the plants stem or leaves. Some plants, called hyperaccumulators, draw pollutants through the roots. After the pollutants accumulate in the stem and leaves the plants are harvested. Then plants can be either burned or sold. Even if the plants cannot be used, incineration and disposal of the plants is still cheaper than traditional remediation methods. As a comparison, it is estimated a site containing 5000 tons of contaminated soil will produce only 20-30 tons of ash (Black, 1995). This method is particularly useful when remediating metals. Some metals are also being recycled from the ash. Phytovolatization is the uptake and vaporization of pollutants by a plant. This mechanism takes a solid or liquid contaminant and transforms it to an airborne vapor. The vapor can either be the pure pollutant, or the plant can metabolize the pollutant before it is vaporized, as in the case of mercury, lead and selenium (Boyajian and Carriera, 1997; Black, 1995; Wantanbe, 1997). Phytodegradation is plants metabolizing pollutants. After the contaminant has been drawn into the plant, it assimilates into plant tissue, where the plant then degrades the pollutant. This metabolization by plant-derived enzymes such as nitrosedictase, laccase, dehalogenase, and nitrilase assimilates into plant tissue, where the plant then degrades the pollutant. This metabolization by plant-derived enzymes such as nitroredictase, laccase, dehalogenase, and nitrilase, has yet to be fully documented, but has been demonstrated in field studies (Boyajian and Carriera, 1997). The daughter compounds can be either volatized or stored in the plant. If the daughter compounds are relatively benign, the plants can still be used in traditional applications. The most effective current phytoremediation sites in practice combine these three mechanisms to clean up a site. For example, poplar trees can accumulate, degrade and volatize the pollutants in the remediation of organics. Phytoremediation is more than just planting and letting the foliage grow; the site must be engineered to prevent erosion and flooding and maximize pollutant uptake. There are 3 main planting techniques for phytoremediation. 1.Growing plants on the land, like crops. This technique is most useful when the contaminant is within the plant root zone, typically 3 ââ¬â 6 feet (Ecological Engineering, 1997), or the tree root zone, typically 10-15 feet. 2.Growing plants in water (aquaculture). Water from deeper aquifers can be pumped out of the ground and circulated through a ââ¬Å"reactorâ⬠of plants and then used in an application where it is returned to the earth (e.g. irrigation) 3.Growing trees on the land and constructing wells through which tree roots can grow. This method can remediate deeper aquifers in-situ. The wells provide an artery for tree roots to grow toward the water and form a root system in the capillary fringe. The majority of current research in the phytoremediation field revolves around determining which plant works most efficiently in a given application. Not all plant species will metabolize, volatize, and/or accumulate pollutants in the same manner. The goal is to ascertain which plants are most effective at remediating a given pollutant. Research has yielded some general guidelines for groundwater phytoremediation plants. The plant must grow quickly and consume large quantities of water in a short time. A good plant would also be able to remediate more than one pollutant because pollution rarely occurs as a single compound. Poplars and cottonwoods are being studied extensively because they can used as much as 25 to 350 gallons of water per day, and they can remediate a wide variety of organic compounds, including LNAPLââ¬â¢s. Phytoremediation has been shown to work on metals and moderately hydrophobic compounds such as BTEX compounds, chlorinated solvents, ammunition wastes, and nitrogen compounds. Yellow poplars are generally favored by Environmental Scientists for use in phytoremediation at this time. They can grow up to 15 feet per year and absorb 25 gallons of water a day. They have an extensive root system, and are resistant to everything from gypsy moths to toxic wastes. Partial listing of current remediation possibilities. Plant Chemicals Clean-up numbers Pondweed TNT RDX 0.016-0.019 mg of TNT L per day Poplar Trees Atrazine 91% of the Atrazine taken up in 10 days Poplars Nitrates from fertilizers From 150 mg/L to 3 mg L in under 3yrs. Mustard Greens Lead 45% of the excess was removed Pennycress Zinc Cadmium 108 lb./acre per year 1.7 lb./acre per yr. Halophytes Salts reduced the salt levels in the soils by65% Advantages and Disadvantages to Phytoremediation: Advantages: ( www.rtdf.org/genlatst.htm) 1.Aesthetically pleasing and publicly accepted. 3.Works with metals and slightly hydrophobic compounds, including many organics. 4.Can stimulate bioremediation in the soil closely associated with the plant root. Plants can stimulate microorganisms through the release of nutrients and the transport of oxygen to their roots. 5.Relatively inexpensive ââ¬â phytoremediation can cost as little as $10 ââ¬â $100 per cubic yard whereas metal washing can cost $30 ââ¬â $300 per cubic yard. 6.Even if the plants are contaminated and unusable, the resulting ash is approximately 20-30 tons per 5000 tons soil (Black, 1997). 7.Having ground cover on property reduces exposure risk to the community (i.e. lead). 8.Planting vegetation on a site also reduces erosion by wind and water. 9.Can leave usable topsoil intact with minimal environmental disturbance. 10.Generates recyclable metal rich plant residue. 11.Eliminates secondary air or water-borne wastes. 1.Can take many growing seasons to clean up a site. 2.Plants have short roots. They can clean up soil or groundwater near the surface in-situ, typically 3 ââ¬â 6 feet (Ecological Engineering, 1997), but cannot remediate deep aquifers without further design work. 3.Trees have longer roots and can clean up slightly deeper contamination than plants, typically 10-15 feet, but cannot remediate deep aquifers without further design work . 4.Trees roots grow in the capillary fringe, but do not extend deep in to the aquifer. This makes remediating DNAPLââ¬â¢s in situ with plants and trees not recommended. 5.Plants that absorb toxic materials may contaminant the food chain. 6.Volatization of compounds may transform a groundwater pollution problem to an air pollution problem. 7.Returning the water to the earth after aquaculture must be permitted. 8.Less efficient for hydrophobic contaminants, which bind tightly to soil. 1) At the Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth, phytoremediation is being used to clean up trichloroethylene (TCE) from a shallow, thin aerobic aquifer. Cottonwoods are being used, and after 1 year, the trees are beginning to show signs of taking the TCE out of the aquifer. (Betts, 1997) 2) At the Iowa Army Ammunitions Plant, phytoremediation is being used as a polishing treatment for explosive-contaminated soil and groundwater. The demonstration, which ended in March, 1997, used native aquatic plant and hybrid poplars to remediate the site where an estimated 1-5% of the original pollutants still remain. A full-scale project is estimated to reduce the contamination by an order of magnitude (Betts, 1997). 3) After investigating using phytoremediation on a site contaminated with hydrocarbons, the Alabama Department of Environmental Management granted a site. The site involved about 1500 cubic yards of soil, and began with approximately 70% of the baseline samples containing over 100 PPM of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). After 1 year of vegetative cover, approximately 83% of the samples contained less than 10-PPM TPH. 4) Phytoremediation was used at the decommissioned Detroit Forge plant to clean up approximately 5,800 cubic yards of lead-impacted soil. Two plantings were completed, the first using sunflowers and the second mustard plants. Following treatment, analysis indicated soil lead concentrations were below the target clean-up criteria. The project resulted in an estimated saving of $1,100,000 over hazardous waste disposal. 5) Water, soil, and trees transpired gases were monitored to track the fate of TCE. About 2-4% of the TCE remained in the effluent as compared to 68% in a non-vegetated control group. The field trial demonstrated that over 95% of TCE were removed by planting trees and letting them grow. Additional studies showed that the trees did not release TCE into the air, as no measurable TCE was present in the air immediately surrounding the leaves (captured in small leaf bags and analyzed) or in the general atmosphere (using a laser technology that can see TCE in the air in the tree canopy). Phytoremediation is an aesthetically pleasing, solar-energy driven, and passive technique that can be used at sites with low to moderate levels of contamination. Phytoremediation is more than just planting and letting the foliage grow; the site must be engineered to prevent erosion and flooding and maximize pollutant uptake. Currently, the majority of research is concentrated on determining the best plant for the job, quantifying the mechanisms by which the plants convert pollutants, and determining which contaminants are amenable to phytoremediation. Polluted sites are being studied, and phytoremediation looks promising for a variety of contaminants. How to cite Concept of Phytoremediation, Essay examples Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-44692025330884165002020-04-25T03:46:00.001-07:002020-04-25T03:46:02.740-07:00Magnetic Levitation Essays - Magnetic Levitation, Maglev, Levitation Magnetic Levitation Magnetic Levitation (Maglev or Magnetic Suspension) is the method when an object is suspended with no other support besides its own magnetic field. This technology can support and move objects or vehicles, providing support without contact or friction, allowing for a fast and quite operation. The magnetic pressure is used to counteract effects of the gravitational and any other accelerations. There are some cases the lifting force provided by magnetic levitation, there are mechanical support bearings that provide some stability. This term is known as Pseudo-Levitation. When considering MAGLEV Train it is also important to think about the environmental impact the transportation network will make not only to global warming it makes by carbon dioxide emissions, but also noise pollution and land take damage that the environment will also have. The carbon dioxide emission from a magnetic levitation train is significantly less than traditional high speed express trains, due to the lower energy that is produced. Also consider that MAGLEV Trains may convert people from using everyday vehicles such as cars due to the amount of pollution that is being put out by them. Another important factor is the noise pollution even though it does not impact the global climate in the way that carbon dioxide emissions has. It does effect the local environment and those who live there. It can have effect on the local animal life altering or completely destroy a local ecosystem. But MAGLEV Trains do not have noise problems from the friction between the trolley and pantograph and doesnt have any noise problems from the rolling friction. The only noise that comes from a MAGLEV Train is from the aerodynamics. The last impact from a MAGLEV Train would be the land take. Which a normal rail system requires 14 meters wide track and a four lane freeway requires 30 meters wide. To construct a dual guide way for a MAGLEV Train would only require 12 meters. Which the destruction of natural animal habitats would be cut down from what a normal rail system and a freeway would cause and a less environmental impact. The Magnetic Levitation Train is a great idea and the technology behind it will defiantly will help out the environment and better reliable transportation for people worldwide. But there are always some things that might prevent this technology from advancing. There has to be someone constantly monitoring the separation between the vehicle and the guide way due to the unstable nature of the electromagnetic attraction. The EDS (electrodynamic suspension) has a strong magnetic field and it would make it impossible for individuals with pacemakers to board and travel. The train will need wheels or tracks when the vehicle is stopped. But as of 2008 there is new technology that is being develop but at this time has no commercial or full scale prototype. References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/magnetic_levitation http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/magnetic_levitation.aspx http://mosail.cnfolio.com/b101cw2008b227 Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-60818487237290859942020-03-18T01:37:00.001-07:002020-03-18T01:37:03.364-07:00Free Essays on Net PrivacyThe internet has brought mixed blessings to the people who use it. It is a fantastic information source but the relative lack of privacy has brought forth a major problem. Anyone with even little hacking knowledge can track every move that you make while using internet services and/or view private or confidential information. It is now possible for some internet sites can actually find information such as e-mail addresses or the name of the person/people viewing the site without authorisation. This problem can affect everyone who uses any internet services and ultimately can lead to very confidential information(such as credit card numbers) getting into the hands of criminals. Internet services and facilities are now used and provided by many companies and individuals worldwide. Each web site that is visited could have the capability of finding out your name and/or e-mail address and sending junk e-mail or cataloguing this information and then selling it to other companies. The ISP that you connect to the internet also has a record of every bit of information you upload or download, and must keep records for official purposes. Any sites that ask for your credit card number for "pay by use" or restricted services could, in fact, sell or use such information for illegal purposes such as fraud. The actual hardware requirements for using the internet are minimal, only an internet service provider(a company that allows a connection to the internet), modem(to send and receive data transmissions through a phone line), phone line(to dial up the I.S.P,) and a reasonably fast computer(to run the hardware and software) are needed to get onto the internet. This allows almost anyone with a computer to access the internet. Software is needed to browse or view the internet is a browser(such as Netscape Navigator, MS Internet Explorer) and for e-mail services, programs such as Eudora, Netscape Navigator or MS Internet Explorer are needed to sen... Free Essays on Net Privacy Free Essays on Net Privacy The internet has brought mixed blessings to the people who use it. It is a fantastic information source but the relative lack of privacy has brought forth a major problem. Anyone with even little hacking knowledge can track every move that you make while using internet services and/or view private or confidential information. It is now possible for some internet sites can actually find information such as e-mail addresses or the name of the person/people viewing the site without authorisation. This problem can affect everyone who uses any internet services and ultimately can lead to very confidential information(such as credit card numbers) getting into the hands of criminals. Internet services and facilities are now used and provided by many companies and individuals worldwide. Each web site that is visited could have the capability of finding out your name and/or e-mail address and sending junk e-mail or cataloguing this information and then selling it to other companies. The ISP that you connect to the internet also has a record of every bit of information you upload or download, and must keep records for official purposes. Any sites that ask for your credit card number for "pay by use" or restricted services could, in fact, sell or use such information for illegal purposes such as fraud. The actual hardware requirements for using the internet are minimal, only an internet service provider(a company that allows a connection to the internet), modem(to send and receive data transmissions through a phone line), phone line(to dial up the I.S.P,) and a reasonably fast computer(to run the hardware and software) are needed to get onto the internet. This allows almost anyone with a computer to access the internet. Software is needed to browse or view the internet is a browser(such as Netscape Navigator, MS Internet Explorer) and for e-mail services, programs such as Eudora, Netscape Navigator or MS Internet Explorer are needed to sen... Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-64597381712844288462020-03-01T17:21:00.001-08:002020-03-01T17:21:02.990-08:00Suez Canal History and OverviewSuez Canal History and Overview The Suez Canal, located in Egypt, is a canal that connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Gulf of Suez, a northern branch of the Red Sea. It officially opened in November 1869. Suez Canal Construction History Although the Suez Canal wasnt officially completed until 1869, there is a long history of interest in connecting both the Nile River in Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. It is believed that the first canal in the area was constructed between the Nile River delta and the Red Sea in the 13th Century B.C.E. During the 1,000 years following its construction, the original canal was neglected and its use finally stopped in the 8th Century.ââ¬â¹ Napoleons Canal Plan The first modern attempts to build a canal came in the late 1700s when Napoleon Bonaparte conducted an expedition to Egypt. He believed that building a French-controlled canal on the Isthmus of Suez would cause trade problems for the British as they would either have to pay dues to France or continue sending goods over land or around the southern part of Africa. Studies for Napoleons canal plan began in 1799 but a miscalculation in measurement showed the sea levels between the Mediterranean and the Red Seas as being too different for a canal to be feasible and construction immediately stopped. Universal Suez Ship Canal Company The next attempt to build a canal in the area occurred in the mid-1800s when a French diplomat and engineer, Ferdinand de Lesseps, convinced the Egyptian viceroy Said Pasha to support the building of a canal. In 1858, the Universal Suez Ship Canal Company was formed and given the right to begin construction of the canal and operate it for 99 years, after which time, the Egyptian government would take over control of the canal. At its founding, the Universal Suez Ship Canal Company was owned by French and Egyptian interests. Construction of the Suez Canal officially began on April 25, 1859. It opened ten years later on November 17, 1869, at a cost of $100 million. Significant Impact on World Trade Almost immediately after its opening, the Suez Canal had a significant impact on world trade as goods were moved around the world in record time. In 1875, debt forced Egypt to sell its shares in ownership of the Suez Canal to the United Kingdom. However, an international convention in 1888 made the canal available for all ships from any nation to use. Conflicts Over Use and Control Shortly thereafter, conflicts began to arise over use and control of the Suez Canal. In 1936 for example, the U.K. was given the right to maintain military forces in the Suez Canal Zone and control entry points. In 1954, Egypt and the U.K. signed a seven-year contract that resulted in the withdrawal of British forces from the canal area and allowed Egypt to take control of the former British installations. In addition, with the creation of Israel in 1948, the Egyptian government prohibited the use of the canal by ships coming and going from the country. The Suez Crisis Also in the 1950s, the Egyptian government was working on a way to finance the Aswan High Dam. Initially, it had support from the United States and the U.K. but in July 1956, both nations withdrew their support and the Egyptian government seized and nationalized the canal so passage fees could be used to pay for the dam. On October 29 of that same year, Israel invaded Egypt and two days later Britain and France followed on grounds that passage through the canal was to be free. In retaliation, Egypt blocked the canal by intentionally sinking 40 ships. These events were known as the Suez Crisis. A Truce and Later Egypt Takes Control In November 1956, the Suez Crisis ended when the United Nations arranged a truce between the four nations. The Suez Canal then reopened in March 1957 when the sunken ships were removed. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the Suez Canal was closed several more times because of conflicts between Egypt and Israel. In 1962, Egypt made its final payments for the canal to its original owners (the Universal Suez Ship Canal Company) and the nation took full control of the Suez Canal. 101 Miles Long and 984 Feet Wide Today, the Suez Canal is operated by the Suez Canal Authority. The canal itself is 101 miles (163 km) long and 984 feet (300 m) wide. It begins at the Mediterranean Sea at Point Said flows through Ismailia in Egypt, and ends at Suez on the Gulf of Suez. It also has a railroad running its entire length parallel to its west bank. The Suez Canal can accommodate ships with a vertical height (draft) of 62 feet (19 m) or 210,000 deadweight tons. Most of the Suez Canal is not wide enough for two ships to pass side by side. To accommodate this, there is one shipping lane and several passing bays where ships can wait for others to pass. No Locks The Suez Canal has no locks because theà Mediterranean Sea and the Red Seas Gulf of Suez have approximately the same water level. It takes around 11 to 16 hours to pass through the canal and ships must travel at low speed to prevent erosion of the canals banks by the ships waves. The Significance of the Suez Canal In addition to dramatically reducing transit time for trade worldwide, the Suez Canal is one of the worlds most significant waterways as it supports 8% of the worlds shipping traffic and almost 50 ships pass through the canal daily. Because of its narrow width, the canal is also considered a significant geographic chokepoint as it could easily be blocked and disrupt this flow of trade. Future plans for the Suez Canal include a project to widen and deepen the canal to accommodate the passage of larger and more ships at one time. Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-73867160562993172582020-02-14T08:47:00.001-08:002020-02-14T08:47:02.939-08:00Your Career Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsYour Career Development - Essay Example Furthermore, I will present an analysis of how my decision related to career has influenced my career prospects ââ¬â both in the positive and negative ways ââ¬â and what have I achieved so far. Introduction It will seem odd to say that I have quite a few MBAââ¬â¢s in my family and I have seen them struggle. Since MBA is a family thing I never had much of a choice, but when I got in and decided that I will make best of what I had; I also resolved in my mind that I will do more, and something worthwhile with my life and career, not sit around waiting for someone to offer me a job. Having my own business set up, however small it might be, was the ultimate solution for me. Hard work has never been bothersome to me, but to wait upon others to recognize my potential and tell me what to do is just not my cup of tea. I made up my mind with regard to my career before I joined the MBA, but I never meant to study to get a job, having a business of my own is the ultimate goal for me. My career anchors, lifeline, Wheels of life, strengths exercise and integration allow me to look closely into the choices I have made and the extent to which they favor my career choice. Personal and Career Purpose While thinking about the personal and career purposes I have to take family and work together. I chose to study MBA for lack of choice and to show respect to what my family thought best for me. Seeing the way many MBAââ¬â¢s suffer while waiting for a job I decided that I had to make myself self-sufficient, so much so, that I shouldnââ¬â¢t have to wait for a salary to run my house hold and to fulfill my and my familyââ¬â¢s needs. Starting a business from scratch is no easy task, thus I decided to first take advantage of my MBA to gain necessary understanding of how things work in the business world. The course modules have given me an insight into the business world and have made me firm on my decision rather than weakening my resolve. Courses like entrepreneurshi p, HRM, Supply Chain have provided me with a clear and detailed understanding of the functionalities and complexities faced in the world of business. But I still believe that I lack in understanding of how to make things happen for me when it comes to starting a business from scratch and running it successfully. The severity of competition is becoming even more evident with the crisis threatening businesses all around. After an MBA, I consider it necessary to take courses that offer understanding of starting a business. Free courses and certifications are available online to take. These courses provide with all kinds of information on businesses, financing, accounts and marketing strategies (Norman). Online workshops along with videos from the IRS are also an instrumental tool towards gaining the understanding of personal business (Norman). Such courses and research are free and only require an investment of time. Significance of My Own Business My own business holds significance fo r me in multiple ways. I have always aspired to be unique and to stand out. I enjoy being unique and creating uniqueness. My business will be my own; unique and innovative. Allowing me the freedom of choice I crave. I realized also how much this business is significant to me as I studied about the recession during my classes and how people have been losing their jobs. So many jobless people and such limited opportunities, made me think of creating my own circle of opportunity which will not only make me self-sufficient but also will allow me to help other jobless people by recruiting them. My key anchors, independence, sense of service and entrepreneurship enabled me to realize how significant this venture is for me. Whose Support Will Matter? Rome was not Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-35153461913754793812020-02-01T18:43:00.001-08:002020-02-01T18:43:03.107-08:00Planning and Implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsPlanning and Implementation - Essay Example Having the right marketing mix enables our organization to achieve its business objectives. Fit watch business objectives include creating brand awareness, acquiring market and maintaining it. Product is the central point on which fit watch marketing department focus on. It is concerned with what the product means to the customer. Marketing group therefore plays a key role in determining such aspects as: the appearance of the product in line with the requirements of the market; the function of the product on the question whether it addresses the needs of customers as identified through market research. The product offered is a watch. The company has discovered a need to increase the satisfaction level of the watch to the customers as well the advancement of technology. The watch has all the essentials that a customer looks for while considering making a purchase. It has all the performance characteristics of an existing watch. In addition to this, it has additional features such as flashlight, Wi-Fi hotspot and better health tracking strategy. The characteristics will help the watch to take the obligation of a torch will take part in internet access through Wi-Fi hotspot and as well will act as a friendly device to health of an individual. Pricing is one of the most important decisions made by any business organization. Of all the aspects of the marketing mix, price is the one which creates sales revenue while all the others are costs. The price of an item is clearly an important determinant of the value of sales made. In theory, price is really determined by the discovery of what customers perceive is the value of the item on sale. Researching consumers opinions about pricing is important as it indicates how they value what they are looking for as well as what they want to pay. Economists use the term market clearing price to identify a price at which sellers are prepared to sell because they feel they are getting a fair price, and buyers are Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-56507826161817056362020-01-24T15:07:00.001-08:002020-01-24T15:07:03.060-08:00Blanche is Responsible for her own Fate in a Street Car Named Desire EsThis essay will describe whether or not Blanchesââ¬â¢ unfortunate eventual mental collapse was due to her being a victim of the society she went to seek comfort in, or if she was solely or at least partly responsible. The factors and issues that will be discussed include, Blanchesââ¬â¢ deceitful behaviour and romantic delusions which may have lead to her eventual downfall, the role Stanley ended up playing with his relentless investigations of her past and the continuous revelations of it, the part society and ââ¬Ënew Americaââ¬â¢ played in stifling her desires and throwing her into a world she could not relate to or abide by. Firstly, the reader may initially feel Blanche is completely responsible or at least somewhat to blame, for what becomes of her. She is very deceitful and behaves in this way throughout the play, particularly to Mitch, saying, ââ¬ËStella is my precious little sisterââ¬â¢ and continuously attempting to deceive Stanley, saying she ââ¬Ëreceived a telegram from an old admirer of mineââ¬â¢. These are just two examples of Blanchesââ¬â¢ trickery and lying ways. In some ways though, the reader will sense that Blanche rather than knowingly being deceitful, actually begins to believe what she says is true, and that she lives in her own dream reality, telling people ââ¬Ëwhat ought to be the truthââ¬â¢ probably due to the unforgiving nature of her true life. This will make the reader begin to pity Blanche and consider whether these lies and deceits are just what she uses to comfort and protect herself. Blanche has many romantic delusions which have been plaguing her min d since the death of her husband. Though his death was not entirely her fault, her flirtatious manner is a major contributor to her downfall. She came to New Orleans as she was fired from... ...hey affect the lives of the women around them, yet somehow do not change to a great extent throughout the plays. On the other hand, both characters are comparable in that their eventual fate could be argued as being in many ways as a result of their own deeds and possibly the strains of society. In conclusion Blanche is to a degree responsible for her own downfall and mental collapse. She opts to turn to promiscuity and inebriety even going as far as to admitting to flirting with Stanley, and by the end disclosing all her tricks and deceits to him and Mitch. However, she cannot be held as responsible for the acts of her husband, Stanley and even Stella and the social circumstances involving the destruction of her old America by new America, which have caused her already deteriorating mental state to detract beyond possible repair by the end of the play. Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-16933272018614013122020-01-16T11:31:00.001-08:002020-01-16T11:31:04.552-08:00Flat Cargo Berhad EssayAir Cargo Industry is a highly competitive with low profit margin industry operated by 85 operators within Malaysia and the Asia Pacific region. Flat Cargo Berhad (FCB) was one of them with several subsidiaries related to this industry. FCB was recognized as one of the biggest air freight companies in Malaysia. With the flourishing of e-business and secured agreements with well-established companies (i.e UPS, Nationwide Expressway, Citylink, Nippon Express etc), the boom of Flat Cargo Berhad was obvious. Even it was expected, FCB would have likely remained as the nationââ¬â¢s leading air cargo carrier if the scandal has not appeared. Things have started to get out of shape for FCB when the external auditor Kencana & Associates came across several suspicious findings that may suggest fraud. So we as consultant/advisor have noted down the problem and came up with the possible solutions in order to handle such suspicious circumstances. Problem 1 The auditors were unable to verify the aircrafts claimed to have been purchased by FCB in 2005. The audit team found a non-functional rundown aircraft barely worth RM231 million in the hangar.à FCB claimed to have purchase aircrafts in 2005, but there were no documentation found to support the claims of FCB that the purchasing ever took place which implied that fraud might have took place. As shown on the fleet information above, (Appendix B) there were two Boeing 727 and five Mcdonnell Douglas MD-11F (which later was no longer used for freight purposes) purchased by FCB in 2005 that were in ââ¬Å"Activeâ⬠status, but when inspected by the audit team, found Mior, Asif, Stephanie, Rohannaà only a rundown non-functional aircraft in the hangar which suggested inconsistency in the claim made by FCB. Solution 1 The audit department could take some measures to verify the claim made by FCB regarding the purchase of the aircrafts by: 1) Referring to the aircraft manufacturers regarding receipts, purchasing documents, invoices , contracts 2) Checking any related internal documents about the aircraft activities like schedules and activities of aircrafts i.e. engineering department for maintenance of aircraft. 3) Verify with the staffs of the company i.e. pilots, engineers regarding the aircrafts claimed to be purchased 4) Checking on leasing companies if there were any business activities from FCB (which would suggest obvious fraud since FCB claimed to have purchase the aircrafts) 5) Verify the registration and licensing of the aircraft at the Department of Civil Aviation Malaysia (DCAM) And if this aircraft was actually purchased as claimed, the management should encourage these solutions to avoid future confusions 1) Update bookkeeping regularly (transactions on purchases, sales, receipts and payments by an individual or organisation) Problem 2 Several debtorsââ¬â¢ confirmation letters were returned because the addressees had changed their mailing addresses Due to this issue it will have a major impact on accounts receivable thus to cash flow. However this will lead to further problem as follows 1) No exact debtor figure available for reference 2) Possibility of bad debt 3) Weak debt servicing ability by company Mior, Asif, Stephanie, Rohanna Solution 2 Some measures could be taken by auditor to solve this issue by 1) Investigate the identity of the debtor or organization from reliable sources (Suruhanjaya Syarikat Malaysia (SSM) for organisations, Jabatan Perdaftaran Negara (JPN) for individuals) 2) Find supporting documents of debt to rule out chances of fraud The management team could take these measures to avoid this problem by 1) Create an efficient system for debt servicing 2) Create a system of verifying theà claim of debtors to make sure fraud does not take place 3) Create a database for debtors and keep an updated portfolio on them for future use and reference 4) Create a department in the organization that deals solely with debt servicing (provided that they have a lot of debtors) Problem 3 A large sum of sales transactions was found with no supporting documents. Most of these transactions involved small clients.à This problem will mostly affect the revenue. In addition, it could lead to: 1) poor book-keeping process 2) manipulation on the revenue figure (RM 550 million) 3) manipulation of the shareholders interest in terms of dividend declared 4) balancing the closing process for the year of 2005 manually 5) complication on debt collection therefore the possibility of bad debt in future Solution 3 As far as we are concerned, the auditor can request the engineering department to provide the document on clients who are using their courier services and counter-check it with the Custom Department to verify the figure. We assume every activity must be reported to theà Mior, Asif, Stephanie, Rohanna.à DCAM. Therefore, from the backward process, the auditor would be able to verify the turnover figure. Problem 4 A loan received from a Hong Kong based company was found to be incorrectly recorded in the debtorsââ¬â¢ account This issue will have the major influence on liabilities. It has violated the matching principle. The following problems can be determined due to these mistakes. 1) The impact on liabilities of the FCB will be decreased whereas assets increase due to the error on double entry process 2) The financial cost (interest expense) will decrease resulting increase ofà profit before tax Solution 4 Counter-check and verify the Loan agreement between the FCB and Hong Kong based company. After verifying, the auditors will correct the double entry according to accounting standard by MASB. Problem 5 Several abnormal transactions involving the purchase of aircrafts by FCB and offsetting the debtorsââ¬â¢ accounts were found in FCBââ¬â¢s books Following abnormal transaction is strictly against the process of accounting system. It violates many principle of accounting system i.e. principle of non-compensation, principles of sincerity and principles of consistency*. Abnormal transactions could lead to multiplier faults in the financial statement like 1) Overstated/Understated assets Usage of cash or credit was not determined properly Cutting down the overall debtor amount 2) Fail to determine bad debt 3) Fail to determine the true figure of debtors Solution 5 Actions that could be taken by auditors 1) Reconciliation of book keeping related to purchases of abnormal transactions 2) Cross proof each and every documents related to purchases and debtor 3) If possible ensure debtors confirmation letter Actions that could be taken by management 1) Not to mix up purchases with debtors 2) Debtors can be offset upon receiving money or against bad debt Conclusion In conclusion, these issues above could be avoided provided that delegation and segregation of duties were made to ensure accountability in bookkeeping and minimisation to fraud. The company could also hire an internal auditor to regularly inspect the financial condition and activities of the company. Accountability and counter-checking between one another is also crucial to minimize mistakes and deceit. It is such a shame that a company with such great Mior, Asif, Stephanie, Rohannaà potential (to be the leading cargo company in Malaysia) should suffer a fate such as this due to trivial avoidable mistakes and fraud. It is best that PLCs to work towards transparency within the company so that mistakes/problems could be detected and solved before it gets out of hand. References Ready Ratios. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), Available:http://www.readyratios.com/reference/accounting/generally_accepted_accounting_ principles_gaap.html. Last accessed 4th Feb 2014 Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-46899599577982357242020-01-08T07:54:00.001-08:002020-01-08T07:54:04.585-08:008 Printout Activities for Martin Luther King DayIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-69905319668637980002019-12-31T04:20:00.001-08:002019-12-31T04:20:04.709-08:00Euthanasi The Immorality Of Euthanasia - 2293 Words John Baier Dr. Robert Craig PHI 2600 6 April 2013 The Immorality of Euthanasia Lisa Yount defines euthanasia as ââ¬Å"ending another personââ¬â¢s life to relieve otherwise uncontrollable sufferingâ⬠(151). Such activity is not only directly in opposition of the law in most of the states of the Union, it flies in the face of medical teachings, many philosophical schools of thought, and two major world religions. Euthanasia can also be forced onto people who lack the ability to state that they wish to be euthanized, or, more importantly in that case, that they wish to remain alive. Euthanasia has, in practice, been shown to have a corrupting influence on medicine, and is in total contrast to the natural will to survive. As such, euthanasia is an illogical and immoral practice. In antiquity, views on euthanasia were as varied as they are today. Hippocrates, for example, was opposed to the giving of lethal drugs, and all other forms of euthanasia. Hailed as the founder of scientific medicine, Hippocrates wrote in The Oath (also known as the Hippocratic Oath) ââ¬Å" I will give no deadly medicine to any one if asked, nor suggest any such counselâ⬠(Hippocrates n. pag.). This strict opposition to euthanasia was contrary to the beliefs held by Hippocratesââ¬â¢s contemporaries. Under some circumstances, a group of philosophers known as the Stoics believed that suicide could be acceptable. They considered terminal illness to be one of these circumstances. The Stoics did not, however, consider the Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-81978003095006451952019-12-23T00:07:00.001-08:002019-12-23T00:07:03.563-08:00Girl By Jamaica Kincaid What A Good Mother Is - 953 Words People shoulder their obligations because it represent what kind of person they are. When you shoulder your obligations it shows that you are a mature minded person, and responsible. In the short story Girl by Jamaica Kincaid shows what a good mother is. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson shows what a bad mother in Tessie Hutchinson putting her kids in the line of fire first. In my experience growing up with a single mother, I had to have a little more responsibilities in the house, which shows that I am mature. In both the stories and my personal experience all have responsibilities but all them donââ¬â¢t take on those responsibilities in my opinion, Everyone has a different perception of what a person is it all depends on your mindset and how you were raised. To begin with, in the story Girl by Jamaica Kincaid, shows what a good mother is to her daughter. The mother is a good mother because she tries to discipline her daughter. The mother wants her daughter to be a respectable young woman. As she tries to raise her, the mother could be a little harsh on her way of delivering her message to her daughter to not becoming a slut, as stated by the story the mother told the daughter â⬠I know youââ¬â¢re bent on becoming a slutâ⬠(Jamaica Kincaid 80). Clearly the mother may be harsh on her daughter because she deem that she is set in her ways, and she will not be able to change her. The mother shows frustration, but she never gives up on her daughter. The mother is trying to give herShow MoreRelatedEssay about Girl/Woman Work Socio-Historical Critique1439 Words à |à 6 Pagesinteresting poetry or stories. Two phenomenal women, Maya Angelou and Jamaica Kincaid portray two different points of view in their works of literature. A lot of things can contribute to their differences, but in particularly their upbringing is a major cause of their variances. In Jamaica Kincaidââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Girl,â⬠a young girl has the ââ¬Å"rules of the worldâ⬠dri lled into her head by her scolding mother while in Maya Angelouââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Woman Workâ⬠a mother faces the adversities of her life on her own. With such differentRead MoreHow Far Can Mothers Go For Their Daughters?600 Words à |à 3 PagesHow Far Can Mothers Go For Their Daughters? ââ¬Å"Girlâ⬠by Jamaica Kincaid is a story about a mother giving advice to her daughter on how to survive and succeed in the society they were living in. The setting of ââ¬Å"Girlâ⬠affects the relationship of the characters by dictating a way of life, and reinforcing the gender roles in society. The story portrays a motherââ¬â¢s urgent repetitive voice to save her daughter from sexuality by teaching her how to become a good woman in society.Read MoreThe Influence of Gender Roles700 Words à |à 3 Pages ââ¬Å"Girlâ⬠by Jamaica Kincaid is a short story contained in her collection of stories written in 1983,ââ¬Å"At the Bottom of the River.â⬠This story is about a mother giving advice to her daughter on how to survive and succeed in the society that they are living in at about 1950-1960. The story portrays a motherââ¬â¢s urgent repetitive voice to save her daughter from sexuality, by teaching her how to become a good woman in the society of Antigua, a British Island. The setting of ââ¬Å"Girlâ⬠affects theRead MoreSummary Of Girl By Jamaica Kincaid918 Words à |à 4 PagesWomanhood in ââ¬Å"Girlâ⬠What is considered a proper way for a woman to act in general society and who has the correct answer? Jamaica Kincaidââ¬â¢s story ââ¬Å"Girlâ⬠is fundamentally an instructional writing where a mother is primarily caring for her daughterââ¬â¢s future. The story is performed in fiction where the child needs to get prepared to confront the world as a woman. Most of the commands the mother gave to her daughter are ambiguous; there is not enough content, however, it can be assumed that the mother is helpingRead More`` Girl `` : Kincaid s Mirror On Gender Inequities1631 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"Girlâ⬠: Kincaidââ¬â¢s Mirror on Gender Inequities With the initial read, Jamaica Kincaidââ¬â¢s essay, ââ¬Å"Girlâ⬠, appears deceptively simple. Yet repeat readings show that under the surface, it is filled with cultural implications. Kincaid mines her memories and experiences of growing up in post-colonial Antigua in the 1960ââ¬â¢s, to speak to outdated expectations. Her writing shows the influence of living on an island populated by people of African descent, living in a culture influenced by British rule (SparkNotesRead MoreThe Victimization of Teenage Girls1553 Words à |à 7 PagesWhat does it mean to be a girl according to society? How does society see it? In many countries, a girl is seen as powerless, uneducated, and too emotional to handle a manââ¬â¢s job. For example, women in Saudi Arabia are not allowed to drive. In the past, writers used to describe a womanââ¬â¢s role as the victim of many forms of discrimination in the United States of America. In other words, women were only involved in things that men thought were not important. For instance, women did not have any otherRead MoreYoung Good Brown By Nathaniel Hawthorne And Girl By Jamaica Kincaid1454 Words à |à 6 Pagesquite a few readings from different time periods such as American Romanticism, American Feminism and Post Colonialism. For this paper, I am going to compare and contrast 2 readings, Young Good Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne and ââ¬Å"Girlâ⬠by Jamaica Kincaid. Hawthorneââ¬â¢s writing is from the American Romanticism week and ââ¬Å"Girlâ⬠is from the Post Colonialism week. From my understanding and interpretations, the two of these readings share common themes such as public perception, gender roles, for lack of a betterRead MoreIdentity In Walt Whitmans A Song Of Myself869 Words à |à 4 PagesIdentity: A Common Theme Walt Whitman (1819-1892) wrote a poem titles ââ¬Å"A Song of Myself.â⬠He wrote this piece in order to celebrate his identity, what makes him unique. Chinua Achebe (1930-2013) writes of a little boy struggling with identity in a quickly changing world. Jamaica Kincaid (1949-), writes of a young girl who is learning her identity as a mother, wife and daughter. By examining each piece of literature, one can trace the common theme of identity by comparing and contrasting the historyRead MoreWhat Are Gender Roles?1123 Words à |à 5 PagesSummer Evans Essay 4 Prof. LaTour Eng. 101 Specific Gender Roles What are gender roles? Gender roles are those that are portrayed by a certain gender identity. In other words, a male and/or female should act and dress as if their gender is supposed to as seen by society. Guys will wear shorts and a T-shirt while girls will wear dresses and skirts; that is just how society sees an individual. Men and womenââ¬â¢s gender roles reflect on what others will think in todayââ¬â¢s society. Society sees men and womenRead MoreA Literary Analysis Of Girl By Jamaica Kincaid1927 Words à |à 8 PagesLanguage, Culture, and a Mother sââ¬â¢ Influence: A Literary Analysis of Girl by Jamaica Kincaid Girls, young women, and mature mothers. Society has consistently given women strict guidelines, rules and principles on how to be an appropriate member of a manââ¬â¢s society. These rules are set at a young age and enforced thoroughly into adulthood. When not followed accordingly, women often times too many face reprimanding through means of verbal abuse, physical abuse, or social exile. In the midst of all Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-32669176464602933992019-12-14T20:36:00.001-08:002019-12-14T20:36:03.130-08:00Therapeutic Communication Free Essays Therapeutic Communication- Nurse Relationships as Part of a Team Abstract The scenario in which I will discuss within my paper consists of an LPN student and a preceptor working a busy 12 hour shift on their acute care practicum. Both Patty (student) and Mary Lou (preceptor) worked very hard one evening and had not had a break when a patient requested some pain medication. They discussed their options with regards to pain management and later Patty administered Morphine 7. We will write a custom essay sample on Therapeutic Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5 mg SC into injector port in Mr Bââ¬â¢s leg. At the end of the shift it was noted during a narcotic count that there had been an error with Morphine. Patty had given the wrong amount as per order. Therapeutic Communication- Nurse Relationships as Part of a Team Before Mary Lou can organize a meeting with Patty the LPN student, she must first ensure the safety of the patient as paramount. Then she must decide the best way to approach Patty, an appropriate location to interview, the factors to consider while interviewing and the communication skills that would benefit their interview. Also she needs to determine whether anybody else should be involved. After careful consideration and all the facts gathered, Mary Lou calls Patty in for a interview. Discussion Mary Lou decided to call a meeting in a neutral setting that would be non- confrontational and non-threaten to Patty. A place they could sit comfortably across from each other and make eye contact. It is important for Mary Lou not to attach blame and her approach will include sensitivity and respect, after all Patty is a student and still quite vulnerable. Mary Lou wants to make it clear an error has been made and that it needs to be addressed, rectified and reported without demoralizing or belittling Patty. The methods by which it is reported or addressed should be thoughtful, maintain confidentiality, and be directed toward the appropriate person, agency, or regulatory body. â⬠( Burkhardt, Nathaniel, Walton, 2010, p 200) Some factors Mary Lou considers while interviewing Patty are any possible underlying reasons for the error: what happened. It is important for Patty to comfortably clarify in her own words and for Mary Lou to actively listen to the accounts of the day. This helps both parties understand completely where the error might have occurred and they can take steps to avoid a reoccurrence. While Mary Lou realizes Patty ultimately administered the wrong dose of medication, it is very important that Mary Lou states her role as preceptor and her accountability in the incident. The Canadian Nurses Association notes in its Code of Ethics that as a part of being accountable, ( Burkhardt, Nathaniel, Walton, 2010, p 200) ââ¬Å" Nurses share their knowledge and provide feedback, mentorship and guidance for the professional development of nursing students, novice nurses and other health care team members. (CNA, 2008, p18) Mary Lou also offers empathy as she was once a nursing student as well and while we strive for perfection, human error can not always be avoided. The last issue to be considered and implemented is if anybody else needed to be involved? Mary Lou decided as long as they clearly identified the issue at hand and recognized they both had an ethical and professional responsibility to report the incident and rectify their shortfalls as student and preceptor, no other entity need to be involved. Conclusion In conclusion I think Mary Lou did an excellent job of identifying and addressing the issue of medication error ensuring dignity and respect to Patty. Mary Lou showed empathy and understanding while focusing on responsibilities of both parties to be more accountable in their daily care of patients, which at the end of the day is their main goal. One area of improvement that I noticed of Mary Lou after viewing the recording was she could have offered more open ended questions and let Patty express herself more. While I did feel Mary Lou actively listened to Patty, the opportunity for Patty to give feedback was not fully utilized. Over all I found this to be an interesting experience on therapeutic communication that I enjoyed completing. References Arnold, E. C. Boggs, K. U. (2011) Interpersonal relationships: Professional Communication Skills for Nurses, sixth edition (6th ed. ). St Louis, MO: Elsevier/Saunders Burkhardt, M. , Nathaniel, A. , Walton, N. (2010) Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing (1st ed. ) Toronto, ON: Nelson Education Ltd Canadian Nurses Association (2008) Code of Ethics for Registered nurses. Author If you need to type anything after the reference list then start it on this page How to cite Therapeutic Communication, Papers Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-31112120267133005982019-12-06T16:59:00.001-08:002019-12-06T16:59:04.359-08:00Accounting Issues in XYZ Company-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com Question: Analyze the Financial and Accounting Issues in XYZ Company. Answer: Introduction: This report has been prepared to analyze the financial and accounting issues in a company. It is quite normal for a company o face accounting and financial issues in its routine life. There are various ways and techniques which is not accepted by the accounting board and used by the companies for convenience creates an issue for the company. It is required for every company to manage the accounts and finance according to the set rules and regulations to offer an exact result to the user of the reports and internal and external stakeholders of the company. Accounting and financial rules have been set by the boards according to the international accounting and finance rules and regulations to make a common set of rules and regulations for every state and the companies. Singapore culture is diverse in nature. It has been found through analyzing the Singapores accounting board that the rules and regulations in Singapore are similar to the international rules and regulations. More, in this report corporate governance of Singapore has also been studied to analyze the rules of corporate governance in the country. Company act of Singapore has briefed about the corporate governance code of the country which must be followed by every company in the state. Further, it has been analyzed that how the concerned company is applying corporate governance code in its business and what are the issues which could be faced by the company due to corporate governance code. This report briefs the user about many issues which could be faced by a company due to many internal and external factors. Further, many other factors have also been analyzed on a Singaporean company to understand the factors of the company briefly. Further, this report briefs the user about the entire internal and external factor of the company. Company overview: For this report, XYZ plc has been taken into consideration. This company is operating its business functions in Singapore from last many decades. This company has been established in 1980. This company is operating in retail industry. Many stores and warehouses are operated by the company to manage and enhance the sales of the company. Further, this company also offers various services and products to its customers. This company is enhancing its productivity rapidly. Annual report of this company has also been analyzed and it has been found that the liquidity, profitability, capital structure, efficiency etc condition of the company is in the favor of the company or vice versa. Further, many other aspects related to finance and accounts has been analyzed over the company to make a better decision[1]. Following are the reports of the company: XYZ Plc INCOME STATEMENT Fiscal year ends in June. MVR In millions except per share data. 2016-06 2015-06 2014-06 2013-06 2012-06 Revenue 3954 3652 3484 3308 3128 Cost of revenue 3089 2854 2745 2610 2480 Gross profit 865 798 739 699 648 Operating expenses Sales, General and administrative 1006 931 884 839 771 Other operating expenses -361 -334 -336 -318 -284 Total operating expenses 644 597 548 521 486 Operating income 221 201 191 178 161 Interest Expense 4 6 9 10 14 Other income (expense) 1 1 0 1 1 Income before income taxes 218 196 183 168 148 Provision for income taxes 66 59 54 51 44 Minority interest 0 0 Other income 0 0 Net income from continuing operations 152 137 128 117 105 Other 0 0 Net income 152 137 128 116 105 Net income available to common shareholders 152 137 128 116 105 Earnings per share Basic 1.51 1.36 1.27 1.16 1.05 Diluted 1.5 1.35 1.25 1.16 1.05 Weighted average shares outstanding Basic 100 100 101 100 100 Diluted 101 101 102 101 100 EBITDA 263 241 227 211 193 XYZ Plc BALANCE SHEET Fiscal year ends in June. MVR In millions except per share data. 2016-06 2015-06 2014-06 2013-06 2012-06 Assets Current assets Cash Cash and cash equivalents 52 49 43 67 40 Total cash 52 49 43 67 40 Receivables 98 81 71 64 58 Inventories 546 479 459 426 428 Prepaid expenses 4 4 4 5 Other current assets 6 3 2 2 2 Total current assets 703 617 578 564 534 Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Other properties 419 385 366 333 301 Property and equipment, at cost 419 385 366 333 301 Accumulated Depreciation -236 -208 -185 -152 -119 Property, plant and equipment, net 184 176 182 181 182 Equity and other investments 0 0 0 0 Goodwill 37 36 36 35 30 Intangible assets 49 49 49 49 49 Deferred income taxes 21 17 15 15 16 Total non-current assets 290 278 282 280 277 Total assets 992 895 860 843 811 Liabilities and stockholders' equity Liabilities Current liabilities Accounts payable 302 254 244 335 365 Deferred income taxes 11 9 8 15 4 Deferred revenues 29 Other current liabilities 134 117 70 93 70 Total current liabilities 447 380 352 442 439 Non-current liabilities Long-term debt 110 139 180 124 150 Other long-term liabilities 31 32 33 33 37 Total non-current liabilities 141 171 213 158 187 Total liabilities 588 552 565 600 627 Stockholders' equity Common stock 49 57 58 63 62 Retained earnings 328 269 220 169 118 Accumulated other comprehensive income 27 18 16 12 5 Total stockholders' equity 405 343 295 243 185 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 992 895 860 843 811 XYZ Plc Statement of CASH FLOW Fiscal year ends in June. MVR In millions except per share data. 2016-06 2015-06 2014-06 2013-06 2012-06 Cash Flows From Operating Activities Other non-cash items 185 180 41 156 215 Net cash provided by operating activities 185 180 41 156 215 Cash Flows From Investing Activities Investments in property, plant, and equipment -52 -42 -36 -35 -46 Property, plant, and equipment reductions 0 0 1 1 1 Acquisitions, net -2 -3 -4 Net cash used for investing activities -52 -44 -38 -38 -45 Cash Flows From Financing Activities Long-term debt issued 54 Long-term debt repayment -30 -40 -26 -84 Common stock issued 6 3 22 1 4 Repurchases of treasury stock -13 -5 -26 Cash dividends paid -93 -87 -77 -65 -77 Other financing activities 0 -1 0 -1 0 Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities -131 -130 -28 -91 -158 Effect of exchange rate changes 0 0 1 1 0 Net change in cash 3 6 -24 28 12 Cash at beginning of period 49 43 67 40 27 Cash at end of period 52 49 43 67 40 Free Cash Flow Operating cash flow 185 180 41 156 215 Capital expenditure -52 -42 -36 -35 -46 Free cash flow 133 137 5 121 169 Supplemental schedule of cash flow data Cash paid for income taxes -66 -60 -61 -40 -49 Cash paid for interest -4 -6 -7 -9 -13 Impact on stakeholders: Stakeholders of the company are those people or parties who are related to company through any monetary or non monetary relationship. Stakeholders are the main parties of the company. Mostly, shareholders are the main stakeholder of an organization. Shareholders are the investors who have invested their money into the company to raise the invested amount. Shareholders interests get affected with every change in the operations and business functioning of the company[3]. It is required for every shareholder to analyze the financial and non financial data of the company and then make an investment into the business of an organization. Through analyzing over XYZ plc it has been found that the performance of the company is enhancing rapidly. Minor changes have been faced by the company from last 5 years due to many internal and external issues. It has been found that from last 2 years, economy of the state is getting fluctuate due to international market and it is also impacting over the financial condition of the company. Following are the details over the financial data of the company from last 5 years which will depict the user about the liquidity condition, profitability situation, solvency analysis, efficiency situation etc. Computation of ratio analysis Liquidity ratio 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 Current ratio 1.572706935 1.623684211 1.642045455 1.2760181 1.216400911 Quick ratio 0.351230425 0.363157895 0.338068182 0.312217195 0.241457859 Working capital 256.0 237.0 226.0 122.0 95.0 8% Profitability Ratios 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 Operating Profit Margin 9.578907436 10.37102957 10.87112514 11.44951632 12.10837596 0.792122137 Net Profit Margin 0.038442084 0.037513691 0.03673938 0.035066505 0.033567775 -0.000928393 Return on Capital Employed 69.5 73.5 74.6 94.5 101.8 4.048276476 Return on Equity 0.375308642 0.39941691 0.433898305 0.477366255 0.567567568 0.024108268 Return on Total assets 0.153225806 0.153072626 0.148837209 0.137603796 0.12946979 -0.000153181 Solvency Ratios [4] Capital structure ratio 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 Debt- equity 1.455445545 1.609329446 1.915254237 2.469135802 3.407608696 Interest coverage ratio 9468.75 6312.5 4208.333333 3787.5 2705.357143 Activity ratio Efficiency ratio 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 Receivable turnover ratio 44.17877095 48.05263158 51.61481481 54.2295082 Creditor turnover ratio 11.11151079 20.5323741 9.481865285 21.0483871 Inventory turnover ratio 6.027317073 35.2345679 6.203389831 40.78125 Assets turnover ratio 4.190779014 4.161823362 4.091603053 4 Computation of return on capital invested Particular 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 ROCI -13.03214596 -10.29929577 -10.29281278 -19.62365591 -23.52941176 Through, above are the details of the company which has been faced by the company from last 5 year. These details would help the entire stakeholders of the company to make decisions about the company. Ratio analysis assists every stakeholder of a company to investigate the relevant information and make a better decision about the companys performance and their investment into the company. Here, liquidity position of the company depict about the ability of the company which is useful for the company to met its short term obligation, this information is required by the debtors, creditors and short term investors of the company to analyze the short term financial situation of the company. Here, it has been found that the current ratio of the company has been decreased from last year but has been enhanced from 2012. Currently, the current ratio is 1.57 which depict that company is utilizing the minimum resources at maximum level. Further, it has been found that the quick ratio of the company has also been improved from last 5 years. Company is managing a 0.35 of quick ratio in 2016 which depict that 35% of total liabilities could be paid by the company quickly which a standard rate is according to the industry. Further, working capital management of the company depict about the improvement in the working capital from last year as the operations of the company has been enh anced so it is also required for the company to enhance the working capital to run the business smoothly[5]. More, profitability position of the company depict about the ability of the company to earn the profits in its short term period as well as long term period, this information is required by the debtors, creditors, banks, financial institutes, suppliers, short term and long term investors of the company to analyze the short and long term financial situation of the company. Here, it has been found that the operating profit margin ratio of the company has been decreased from last year and it has also decreased from 2012. Currently, the ratio is 9.57 which depict that company is earning 9.57% of total revenue as a profit. Further, it has been found that the net margin ratio of the company has also been decreased from last 5 years. Company is managing a 0.038 of quick ratio in 2016 which depict that 3.8% of total sales could be retained by the company as net profit of the company. Further, return on capital employed of the company has been analyzed which depict about the total return to t he stakeholders over the capital employed of the company. It has been found that the return on capital employed ratio of the company has also been decreased from last 5 years due to less profit[6]. Return on equity and return on total assets have also been analyzed to offer the information to the stakeholders of the company. The return on equity depicts about the total return to the equity holders of the company. It has been analyzed that the return amount has been lower due to less profit and return on total assets depict about the relationship about the revenue and the assets of the company and it has been found that the return on total assets ratio has been enhanced from last year. Here, solvency ratio of the company depict about the ability of the company to manage the capital structure of the company in long term period, this information is required by the debtors, creditors, banks, financial institutes, suppliers, short term and long term investors of the company to analyze the short and long term financial situation of the company. Here, it has been found that the debt equity ratio of the company has been decreased from last year and has also been decreased from 2012. Currently, the debt equity ratio is 1.45 which depict that company is managing the 1:1.45 ratio of debt and equity. Further, it has been found that the interest coverage ratio of the company has also been decreased from last 5 years. Company is managing a 9468.75 of interest coverage ratio in 2016[7]. More, activity position of the company depict about the ability of the company to efficient the activities and business functioning of the company, this information is required by the debtors, creditors, banks, financial institutes, suppliers, short term and long term investors of the company to analyze the short and long term financial situation of the company. Here, it has been found that the receivable turnover ratio of the company has been decreased from last year and it has also decreased from 2012. Currently, the ratio is 44.17. Further, it has been found that the creditor turnover ratio of the company has also been decreased from last 5 years. Company is managing an 11.11 of creditor turnover ratio in 2016. Further, inventory turnover ratio of the company has been analyzed which depict about the total time period in which the inventory is ordered by the company for further production. It has been found that the return on inventory turnover ratio of the company has also been de creased from last 5 years due to less profit and strategy changes of the company. Asset turnover ratio of the company has also been analyzed to analyze the asset condition in the company[8]. The asset turnover ratio has been analyzed and found that the 4.19 times the revenue of the company is higher than the total average assets of the company. Lastly, return on capital invested of the company depict about the ability of the company to pay the returns to the investors in its short term period as well as long term period, this information is required by the debtors, creditors, banks, financial institutes, suppliers, short term and long term investors of the company to analyze the short and long term financial situation of the company. Here, it has been found that the ROCI of the company has been enhanced from last year and it has also enhanced from 2012. Currently, the ratio is -13.03 which depict that company is paying -13.03% of total revenue as a dividend to the shareholders. Accounting and finance problems: Further analysis has been done over the companys financial and accounting data to analyze the process of preparing the financial statement of the company. It has been analyzed through study over the accounting and financing books, it has been found that there are many issues which could be faced by an organization due to the final statements of the company and the process through which these statements are created by the company. It has been found through this study that it is required for every company to understand the accounting concept deeply and prepare the data accordingly. For it, companies could hire a professional accountant, who has knowledge about the accounting rules and regulations so that the financial report and accounting analysis could be done easily in the company. In concern of XYZ plc, it has been found that there are various issues in the process of preparing the final financial data of the company which is depicting wrong information to the user. It has been found that company is not following entire rules and regulations perfectly. It has also been found that company is required to look over the international regulations too while preparing the final data. It has been evaluated that company is making changes into many techniques every year just to depict wrong information to the stakeholders so that they could be impressed through the company and make an investment in the company. In the reports of the company, it has been found that company is not focusing over the conceptual framework totally. Company is still using some traditional approach to prepare the financial reports while new policies have been implemented by the country for the listed companies to prepare the final financial reports accordingly. It has been analyzed that the depreciation methods used by the companies to depreciate the machineries and other fixed assets of the company are not same in each year. Company makes the changes in it according to the convenience. Further, it has also been analyzed that company is not focusing over the conceptual framework totally[9]. Company is still using some traditional approach to prepare the financial reports while new policies have been implemented by the country for the listed companies to prepare the final financial reports accordingly. Further, GAAP rules have been studied and found that there are many rules of GAAP have not been accepted by the com pany and still it is working like before. Lastly, the assumptions which have been taken by the company while making financial and accounting decision analyzed. The issues of the company are as follows: Depreciation techniques: Depreciation is a tool which is used by the companies to figure out the exact value of fixed assets of the company. Depreciation over the assets includes a significant part of the assets in many organizations. Depreciation could have an important effect in presenting and determining the results of operation of this organization. The depreciation objective is to stipulate the depreciation accounting treatment[10]. Depreciation accounting rules and regulation depict that property, equipments and plants of the company must be depreciated, and it does not consider the natural resources of the company. Goodwill of the company must not be depreciated. Depreciation is the distribution of depreciable amount over an asset in estimated useful life. It is charged in a financial year through the net profit of the company either directly or indirectly[11]. In this case of XYZ Plc, it has been found that depreciation techniques used by the company are quite similar according to the depreciation accounting standard but the consistency of depreciation methods have not been followed by the company[12]. It has been found that in each year, company make changes in the depreciation % as well as depreciation techniques. Such as in 2013, company has used straight line method to depreciate the equipments but in 2015, company has changed the method and applied diminishing method to depreciate the equipments of the company. Further, it has been found that various changes have been made by the accountant of the company to make the attractive financial data. It has been found through analyzing over the depreciation techniques of the company, it has been found that company wanted to reduce the tax charges and enhance the net profit of the company thus it had made changes into the depreciation techniques. Depreciation also creates an issue for the company n terms of selecting the total estimated useful life and take assumption about the scrap value of the company. MASB also depict that it is required for every company to disclose the depreciation technique in its annual report while preparing the financial reports[13]. Company is required to depict entire information related to depreciation such as the estimated life of an asset, residual value of the asset, scrap value of the assets; depreciation allowed in a period, gross depreciable amount in a financial year etc must be disclosed by the company in its annual reports. Through the annual report of the company, it has been analyzed that there are various points which have not been mentioned by the company in its annual reports. It has been found through this report that the annual report of the company is not depicting the entire information about the depreciation of the company[14]. It has been found through the reports that the accountant of the company is either have less information about the accounting standards or he is pressurize by the company to make the annual reports more attractive and thus he ignored many accounting regulations[15]. Conceptual framework: Basically, it is not some rules and regulations or accounting standards which makes the principles and concepts to assist the accountant or the top level manager in preparing the final statements and annual reports of the company. Consequently, conceptual framework is a set of regulations and rules which should be concerned in a firm while making the financial statements and annual reports of the company[16]. It makes sure about the financial statements reliability to the external stakeholders of the company. MASB has launched a framework to help out the accounting professionals to prepare and present the financial statements in 1989. This framework has been known as conceptual framework. This conceptual framework locates the conception which positions the preparation and presentation of statements of final financial reports for the external as well as internal stakeholders[17]. It also assists a firm to prepare and present the financial statements with the assistance of many international rules and regulations; it offers depth information about the preparation and presentation of final statements as well as it also considers the accounting standards. Conceptual framework assists the auditors in shaping their own opinion about financial statement of a firm. It assists financial statements user to understand the figures according to their requirement. Internal users of final financial statement and annual reports of a firm are top level managers like production manager, finance director, marketing manager etc. These financial concepts are used by the firm to make decision about future strategy. Every stakeholder considers the financial statements for different objectives. Like a manager could look for decision making, entrepreneur for the objective of growth and development of business, personnel for the reason of take an idea about financial performance and health of the firm. Creditors of the company analyze the risk; politics and government look to examine the tax return[18]. It has been explained about 4 characteristics, which are as below: Understandability Relevance Reliability Comparability[19] In the case of XYZ plc, it has been found that the company is not following the conceptual framework while presenting and preparing the final reports of the company. It has been found through an analysis over the annual report of the company that company is taking many assumptions while preparing the reports rather than it must consider the conceptual framework to maintain the financial detail of the company[20]. Further, it has been found that this framework is not followed by the company due to the accountant of the company. Either the accountants have less information about the accounting standards or they are pressurized by the company to make the annual reports more attractive and thus he ignored many accounting regulations. GAAP rules: GAAP rules are also known as generally accepted accounting principles. GAAP is a compilation of commonly-followed standards and rules of accountants for financial and accounting reporting[21]. GAAP specifications contain explanation of principles and concepts, as well as some rules related to industry. The main purpose of GAAP is to make sure that the reporting of financial and accounting figures are consistent and transparent from one firm to another[22]. There is no general GAAP customary and the particulars vary from one location (geographical) to another. In the Singapore, the MASB permissions that financial reports hold on to GAAP necessities. The IFRS, IASB, FASB, MASB etc boards stipulates GAAP general and the GASB (Governmental Accounting Standards Board) describes GAAP for local and state government[23]. Companies which are publicly traded must observe with both GAAP and SEC requirements. Many states around the globe have espoused the IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards)[24]. It has been designed to offer a worldwide framework to public limited companies to prepare and reveal their financial statements and reports. Accepting a single set of accounting global standards simplifies the procedures of accounting for international countries and offers auditors and investors with a unified view of investments. In the case of XYZ plc, it has been found that the company is not following the global standards while presenting and preparing the final reports of the company. It has been found through an analysis over the annual report of the company that company is taking many assumptions while preparing the reports rather than it must consider the conceptual framework to maintain the financial detail of the company[25]. Further, it has been found that these GAAP standards have not been followed by the company due to the accountant of the company[26]. Either the accountants have less information about the accounting standards or they are pressurized by the company to make the annual reports more attractive and thus he ignored many accounting regulations. Assumptions: Fundamental accounting assumptions or basic assumptions mean the accounting conceptual which have been concerned and chased while recording and presenting the financial information. As required informations are different from stakeholder to stakeholder, firm to firm and condition to condition so it could be said that assumption varies. Basically, there are 3 assumptions which are considered by the companies while preparing and presenting their financial data. Following are there assumptions: Going concern concept Accrual concept Consistency Further, some accountants depict that there are 5 assumptions which must be used by the companies, which are as follows: Business entity concept Going concern concept Accruals concept[27] Money Measurement concept Consistency Though, through the MASB, it has been analyzed that following assumptions could be used by the company for preparing and presenting the financial information of the company: Going concern this assumption depict that the business will always run. Accrual basis of accounting this statement depict that entire financial statements apart from the cash flow statement must be made according to the accrual basis[28]. Consistency this statement depict that consistency in classification and presentation must be there while preparing the financial statement. Materiality this statement depict that material class of same items which are presented individually[29] Offsetting this statement depict that assets alongside incomes and liabilities against the expenses which could not be offset except required or permitted by IAS. Among the above five, beginning 3 are of more importance as they has been least affected by requirements of IAS and situation of the business. Singapore corporate governance and issues regarding the Singapore corporate governance to the company: Singapore corporate governance has been studied to analyze the corporate governance. It is a procedure which is apprehensive about how firms could be managed, how managers are administered, what queries could be faced by BOD and the responsibility a firm corporation has to shareholders. Corporate governance is an important aspect which is followed by the companies to manage the effectiveness of the company and meet its social responsibilities[30]. It has been found through the reports that it controls over entire matters of the company. It assists the company to manage the contribution and development of the firm. Singapore corporate governance offers the good relations and policies to the companies to adopt and enhance their business functioning. In this case, it could be investigated that the XYZ Plc has been able to execute efficient corporate governance that directs the firm to become more spirited in the market. According to the investigation over the retailing industry of Singapore and XYZ Plc the issues has been concerned that the board must include the skill level and care which is expected from the directors and insufficient financial necessities and requirements. It has been analyzed that board of directors and managers are working on the same phase to resolve these issues[31]. In positive aspects terms, the board of director, managers and other employees of the company has been capable to manage entire stuffs of the company and also manage the competitive performance of XYZ Plc. The BOD (board of directors) of this firm makes sure that entire actions of the company are legal and stick to business ethics. Further, they also make sure that the social responsibility of the company is also included with their responsibilities. Hence, the firm has some positive aspects as well as some negative aspects. One of which remains to the concept that, due to the inconsistencies and mistakes of the entity who is involved, it could not be assured always that there would be no errors or losses which would occur[32]. In capability to grip the differences and diversities also makes a negative aspect which could be attached with corporate governance practice of the company. Lastly, incapacity to make sure shareholder worth is one more negative aspect of the firm. It could be said that shareholders value must be enhanced. Lastly, it could be concluded that these corporate governance practices help the company and individual to maintain the competitive advantages of the company[33]. Conclusion: Thus through this report, it could be concluded that Accounting and financial rules have been set by the MASB boards according to the international accounting and finance rules and regulations to make a common set of rules and regulations for every state and the companies. Singapore culture is diverse in nature. It has been found through analyzing the Singapores accounting board that the rules and regulations in Singapore are similar to the international rules and regulations[34]. More, in this report corporate governance of Singapore has also been studied to analyze the rules of corporate governance in the country. Company act of Singapore has briefed about the corporate governance code of the country which must be followed by every company in the state. Further, it has been analyzed that how the concerned company is applying corporate governance code in its business and what are the issues which could be faced by the company due to corporate governance code[35]. This report briefs the user about many issues which could be faced by a company due to many internal and external factors[36]. Further, many other factors have also been analyzed on a Singaporean company to understand the factors of the company briefly. Further, this report briefs the user about the entire internal and external factor of the XYZ plc References: Edwards, D. Wolfenzon, B. Yeung, Corporate governance, economic entrenchment, and growth, Journal of economic Literature, 2005 Sep 1;43(3):655-720. Epstein, AA. Mirza, Wiley IFRS 2006: interpretation and application of international financial reporting standards, Wiley; 2006 Feb 3. Epstein, EK. Jermakowicz, WILEY Interpretation and Application of International Financial Reporting Standards 2010, John Wiley Sons; 2010 Feb 5. Doidge, GA. Karolyi, RM. Stulz, Why do countries matter so much for corporate governance?, Journal of financial economics, 2007 Oct 31;86(1):1-39. Nobes, RH. Parker, Comparative international accounting, Pearson Education; 2008. Hay, WR. Knechel, N. Wong, Audit fees: A Meta?analysis of the effect of supply and demand attributes, Contemporary accounting research, 2006 Mar 1;23(1):141-91. Helleiner, S. Pagliari, The end of an era in international financial regulation? A postcrisis research agenda, International Organization, 2011 Jan;65(1):169-200. Choi, GK. Meek, International accounting, Pearson Higher Ed; 2011 Nov 21. White, AC. Sondh, D. Fried, Analysis of Financial Statement, Analysis, 2005. Chen, Q. Tang, Y. Jiang, Z. Lin, The role of international financial reporting standards in accounting quality: Evidence from the European Union, Journal of International Financial Management Accounting, 2010 Sep 1;21(3):220-78. Davies, D. Green, Global Financial Regulation: The Essential Guide (Now with a Revised Introduction), John Wiley Sons; 2013 May 8. Jackson, Variation in the intensity of financial regulation: Preliminary evidence and potential implications, Yale J, on Reg,, 2007;24:253. Filatotchev, R. Strange, J. Piesse, YC. Lien, FDI by firms from newly industrialised economies in emerging markets: corporate governance, entry mode and location, Journal of International Business Studies, 2007 Jul 1;38(4):556-72. Gray, J. Hamilton, Implementing financial regulation: Theory and practice, John Wiley Sons; 2006 May 1. Solomon, Corporate governance and accountability, John Wiley Sons; 2007 Mar 16, Kim, JS. Tsui, HY. Cheong, The voluntary adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and loan contracting around the world, Review of Accounting Studies, 2011 Dec 1;16(4):779-811. Revsine, DW. Collins, WB. Johnson, Mittelstaedt HF, Financial reporting and analysis, New York, NY: Pearson/Prentice Hall; 2005. Radebaugh, SJ. Gray, EL. Black, International accounting and multinational enterprises, New York, NY: Wiley; 2006 Jan 4. Iqbal Khadaroo, Business reporting on the internet in Malaysia and Singapore: A comparative study, Corporate communications: An international journal, 2005 Mar 1;10(1):58-68. Barth, WR. Landsman, MH. Lang, International accounting standards and accounting quality, Journal of accounting research, 2008 Jun 1;46(3):467-98. Barth, WR. Landsman, MH. Lang, International accounting standards and accounting quality, Journal of accounting research, 2008 Jun 1;46(3):467-98. Young, MW. Peng, D. Ahlstrom, GD. Bruton, Y. Jiang, Corporate governance in emerging economies: A review of the principalprincipal perspective, Journal of management studies, 2008 Jan 1;45(1):196-220. Brown, International Financial Reporting Standards: what are the benefits?, Accounting and business research, 2011 Aug 1;41(3):269-85. Brown, International Financial Reporting Standards: what are the benefits?, Accounting and business research, 2011 Aug 1;41(3):269-85, Gourevitch, J.Shinn, Political power and corporate control: The new global politics of corporate governance, Princeton University Press; 2005. Ball, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): pros and cons for investors, Accounting and business research, 2006 Dec 1;36(sup1):5-27. Ball, Robin A, Sadka G, Is financial reporting shaped by equity markets or by debt markets? An international study of timeliness and conservatism, Review of accounting studies, 2008 Sep 1;13(2-3):168-205. Ball,International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): pros and cons for investors, Accounting and business research, 2006 Dec 1;36(sup1):5-27. Tricker, RI. Tricker, Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices, Oxford University Press, USA; 2015. Weber, DW. Arner, Toward a new design for international financial regulation. Gilson, CJ. Milhaupt, Sovereign wealth funds and corporate governance: A minimalist response to the new mercantilism, Stan, L, Rev,, 2007;60:1345. Holthausen, Accounting standards, financial reporting outcomes, and enforcement, Journal of Accounting Research, 2009 May 1;47(2):447-58. Holthausen, Accounting standards, financial reporting outcomes, and enforcement, Journal of Accounting Research, 2009 May 1;47(2):447-58 Li, Does mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in the European Union reduce the cost of equity capital?, The accounting review, 2010 Mar;85(2):607-36. Jeanjean, H. Stolowy, Do accounting standards matter? An exploratory analysis of earnings management before and after IFRS adoption, Journal of accounting and public policy, 2008 Dec 31;27(6):480-94. Wu, Corporate governance and corruption: A cross?country analysis, Governance, 2005 Apr 1;18(2):151-70 Ball, R,, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): pros and cons for investors, Accounting and business research, 2006 Dec 1;36(sup1):5-27. Epstein BJ, Mirza AA, Wiley IFRS 2006: interpretation and application of international financial reporting standards, Wiley; 2006 Feb 3. Barth ME, Landsman WR, Lang MH, International accounting standards and accounting quality, Journal of accounting research, 2008 Jun 1;46(3):467-98 Chen H, Tang Q, Jiang Y, Lin Z, The role of international financial reporting standards in accounting quality: Evidence from the European Union, Journal of International Financial Management Accounting, 2010 Sep 1;21(3):220-78. Holthausen RW, Accounting standards, financial reporting outcomes, and enforcement, Journal of Accounting Research, 2009 May 1;47(2):447-58 Epstein BJ, Jermakowicz EK, WILEY Interpretation and Application of International Financial Reporting Standards 2010, John Wiley Sons; 2010 Feb 5. Iqbal Khadaroo M, Business reporting on the internet in Malaysia and Singapore: A comparative study, Corporate communications: An international journal, 2005 Mar 1;10(1):58-68. Brown P, International Financial Reporting Standards: what are the benefits?, Accounting and business research, 2011 Aug 1;41(3):269-85. Brown P, International Financial Reporting Standards: what are the benefits?, Accounting and business research, 2011 Aug 1;41(3):269-85 Choi FD, Meek GK, International accounting, Pearson Higher Ed; 2011 Nov 21. Holthausen RW, Accounting standards, financial reporting outcomes, and enforcement, Journal of Accounting Research, 2009 May 1;47(2):447-58 Kim JB, Tsui JS, Cheong HY, The voluntary adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and loan contracting around the world, Review of Accounting Studies, 2011 Dec 1;16(4):779-811. Revsine L, Collins DW, Johnson WB, Mittelstaedt HF, Financial reporting and analysis, New York, NY: Pearson/Prentice Hall; 2005. Gray J, Hamilton J, Implementing financial regulation: Theory and practice, John Wiley Sons; 2006 May 1 Radebaugh LH, Gray SJ, Black EL, International accounting and multinational enterprises, New York, NY: Wiley; 2006 Jan 4. Ball R, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): pros and cons for investors, Accounting and business research, 2006 Dec 1;36(sup1):5-27, White GL, Sondh AC, Fried D, Analysis of Financial Statement, Analysis, 2005. Li S, Does mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in the European Union reduce the cost of equity capital?, The accounting review, 2010 Mar;85(2):607-36. Barth ME, Landsman WR, Lang MH, International accounting standards and accounting quality, Journal of accounting research, 2008 Jun 1;46(3):467-98 [20] Li S, Does mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in the European Union reduce the cost of equity capital?, The accounting review, 2010 Mar;85(2):607-36. Weber RH, Arner DW, Toward a new design for international financial regulation Hay DC, Knechel WR, Wong N, Audit fees: A Meta?analysis of the effect of supply and demand attributes, Contemporary accounting research, 2006 Mar 1;23(1):141-91, Davies H, Green D, Global Financial Regulation: The Essential Guide (Now with a Revised Introduction), John Wiley Sons; 2013 May 8 Nobes C, Parker RH, Comparative international accounting, Pearson Education; 2008. Helleiner E, Pagliari S, The end of an era in international financial regulation? A postcrisis research agenda, International Organization, 2011 Jan;65(1):169-200 Ball R, Robin A, Sadka G, Is financial reporting shaped by equity markets or by debt markets? An international study of timeliness and conservatism, Review of accounting studies, 2008 Sep 1;13(2-3):168-205 Jackson HE, Variation in the intensity of financial regulation: Preliminary evidence and potential implications, Yale J, on Reg,, 2007;24:253. Solomon J, Corporate governance and accountability, John Wiley Sons; 2007 Mar 16 Wu X, Corporate governance and corruption: A cross?country analysis, Governance, 2005 Apr 1;18(2):151-70 Edwards B, Wolfenzon D, Yeung B, Corporate governance, economic entrenchment, and growth, Journal of economic Literature, 2005 Sep 1;43(3):655-720 Tricker RB, Tricker RI, Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices, Oxford University Press, USA; 2015Gourevitch PA, Shinn J, Political power and corporate control: The new global politics of corporate governance, Princeton University Press; 2005 perspective, Journal of management studies, 2008 Jan 1;45(1):196-220 Doidge C, Karolyi GA, Stulz RM, Why do countries matter so much for corporate governance?, Journal of financial economics, 2007 Oct 31;86(1):1-39. Filatotchev I, Strange R, Piesse J, Lien YC, FDI by firms from newly industrialised economies in emerging markets: corporate governance, entry mode Gilson RJ, Milhaupt CJ, Sovereign wealth funds and corporate governance: A minimalist response to the new mercantilism, Stan, L, Rev,, 2007;60:1345 Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-76756309665061798652019-11-29T05:10:00.001-08:002019-11-29T05:10:04.113-08:00Sweetness And Power Essays - Sidney Mintz, Sugar, Plantation Sweetness And Power Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History Some of the most brilliant minds have made many unorthodox suggestions. This is the case with Sidney Mintzs thesis in Sweetness and Power: The Place of Modern History. Mintzs suggestions that industrial capitalism originated in the Caribbean sugar plantations may seem to contradict the European version of world history fed to most of the Western world, but is nevertheless supported by substantial evidence. In general, Western education has conditioned students to believe that everything productive originated in Europe. Mintz begins by explaining the process of obtaining granular sugar from the liquid extracted from the sugar cane. There was very significant sense of discipline on sugar plantations. Each stage of the process required a certain amount of expertise, just as each worker in a factory has a specific skill. This is where Mintzs theory that plantations were a synthesis of field and factory is best explained; The specialization by skill and jobs, and the division of labor by age, gender, and condition into crews, shifts and gangs, together with the stress upon punctuality and discipline, are features associated more with industry than agriculture at least in the sixteenth century (Mintz 47). Plantations required a combination farmer-manufacturer. Workers on plantations worked assiduously with a definite sense of time. They worked continuous shifts, resting only form Saturday to Monday morning. Mintz goes on to explain that as the production of sugar became significant economically, so that it could affect political and military (as well as economic) decisions, its consumption by the powerful [people] came of matter less; at the same time, the production of sugar acquired that importance precisely because the masses of English people were now steadily consuming more of it, and desiring more than they could afford (Mintz 45). Similar to factory workers, cheap labor was used for mass production of commodities to meet the growing demand. As a result, Mintz completely transformed my ideas on industrial capitalism. As a consumer and lover of sugar, I have now given a considerable amount of thought to the sugar that I consumed so often. The extent to which the Caribbean people and land were exploited is unfathomable. When speaking of a plantation, Americans usually think and refer to the cotton plantations in the South. Even those Americans with roots in the Caribbean are completely unaware of the exploitation of their land and people. The long-term effects of this exploitation led to the underdevelopment of these Caribbean countries. These effects are still evident today as most of the Caribbean islands are labeled as Third World Countries. In addition, Mintz mentions the separation of the production from consumption. The Major consumers of sugar were not the hard workers on the plantation, but the far removed citizens of England. The plantation workers were not able to profit from the fruit of their land. They were forced to work under harsh conditions. Even after slavery ended, the workers were over-worked and under-appreciated just as factory workers were in the documented and established industrial societies Americans have been trained to visualize. Industrial capitalism involves an organization involving ownership, control and direction of production. This was what took place on sugar plantations in the Caribbean. Every worker had set duties and a unified goal of mass production of sugar at the most efficient rate. Mintz does an excellent job of contradicting the European version of world history fed to most of the Western world by proving that industrial capitalism originated in the Caribbean sugar plantations. Book Reports Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-18391202114578340652019-11-25T12:44:00.001-08:002019-11-25T12:44:03.917-08:00Hipsters CampusHipsters Campus Origin of Hipsterism The term ââ¬Å"hipstersâ⬠commonly refer to a subculture of men and women in their 20ââ¬â¢s and 30ââ¬â¢s, living in urban areas that value and promote independent thinking, progressive politics, and enjoy things (clothing, music, food, activities, etc) not commonly found in the social mainstream. Hipsterism according to literature is a state of mind. Most hipsters are well educated, creative, and individuals who reject traditional attitudes, concepts, and norms. They often prefer to work in creative industries such as music, art, and fashion. Famous Hollywood actors Johnny Depp and James Franco including singer Miley Cyrus are hipsters. The origin of Hipster subculture can be traced back in the 1940s when the English word ââ¬Å"hipâ⬠was first used as an equivalent to ââ¬Å"hepcatâ⬠, a stylish and progressive young person well aware of the latest trend in music and fashion. In the 1950s, hipsters were called ââ¬Å"beatnikâ⬠or ââ¬Å"hippieâ⬠, a person with strong sense of alienation from a traditional social norm. Study of African-American slang traces the origins of hip in Wolof (a language of slaves from Senegal and coastal Gambia in the 1700s) verb ââ¬Å"hippieâ⬠or ââ¬Å"to open oneââ¬â¢s eyeâ⬠. The hipster subculture of the 1940s evolved from a group bored of mainstream routines and societal norms into trendy jazz lovers focusing on creating bonds with those of the same class and backgrounds through music. Today, although sharing a similar interest in music and bored of mainstream culture, modern hipsters are not necessarily members of the lower class, more independent, purposeful, and specific in the way they think, and determined to maintain the hip regardless of socio-economic status. They are more interested in fashion and appearance than ideology and societal issues. They express rejection of mainstream norms through clothing such as wearing an ironical expensive T-shirt made to look worn and ragged. Want to know more? Go here: Is High IQ a Guarantee of Academic Success? Leave a Message Relieving Students School-Related Stress Bright Sides of Academic Intellectuals We Call Nerds What Education Do You Need to Become a Master Chef? The Hipstersââ¬â¢ Campus Colleges and universities are ââ¬Å"hotbedsâ⬠of hip seeking to practice and promote their diverse perspectives, ideas, and cultures. These hipsters commonly wear skinny jeans and fashionable clothes, outdoor oriented (skiers and snowboarders), liberal in their views, and vocal about their advocacy. Some college faculties are also hipsters in their trendy clothes, a liberal approach in teaching, and advocating eccentric academic practices. A hipstersââ¬â¢ campus appears one that is located in easily accessible areas, having a reputable or multi-awarded campus radio stations, offering liberal and fine arts, and practically surrounded by a number of thrift stores and boutiques. Hipsters interest in liberal and fine arts according to a Forbes magazine article created an imbalance in the American economy due to under-employment and lack of college graduates with math and science related degrees. For instance, since over ninety thousand Americans (mostly hipsters) graduate college with art degrees each year, the American workforce is dominated by artists rather planners, engineers, technicians, and others who can construct and operate machinery to boost economic performance and growth. In other words, America needs more nerds and fewer hipsters to ensure economic growth or ââ¬Å"Up with scientist! Down with artists.â⬠In order to the so-called ââ¬Å"Epidemic of Hipstersâ⬠, the American government according to this article will be providing college loans, scholarships, and grants to students in fields with significant spillovers such as engineering and computer science. Unfortunately, application of hipsters majoring in dance, sociology, and English will be ignored. Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-79153533494187795472019-11-21T20:08:00.001-08:002019-11-21T20:08:03.204-08:00Demonstrate where you have advocated on behalp of a service user with EssayDemonstrate where you have advocated on behalp of a service user with any disabilities - Essay Example It advocates a support system that empowers the people with disability with informed choice so that they can opt for best possible care that meets their individual requirement. These are critical imperatives that are greatly facilitated by the intervention of social workers who become major linkages for the people with disability to access the facilities. Healthcare providers like nurse, physicians and their assistants, social service professionals assess clientââ¬â¢s life in detail for correct diagnosis, line of treatment, type of intervention etc. for best service delivery. Appropriate linkages are provided to the client to meet his/her assessed need. Social workers for advocacy are common linkages that help recipients to help personalize their care. Advocacy for the case would be discussed. The client X was a refugee who was bed ridden after a car accident in which her lower part of body had got paralyzed. She was from different ethnic group and neither spoke nor understood English. The client wished for direct payments as she was dissatisfied with the current level of services as provided by the council and social work department. She had identified one of her friend as her personal assistant. As a social work student, currently on placement at a local council, I have advocated on behalf of client X. As I am dealing with the direct payment and personal budget, her case comes under my purview and, therefore, I have volunteered to advocate her case. Advocacy is a vital concept in social work. It promotes understanding for the requisite physical and emotional support, intrinsic to the welfare of the disabled person. As advocate, it was hugely important for me to empower my client with relevant information regarding direct payment and for employing a personal assistant of her choice. Hence, my work as advocate/facilitator involved myriad functions conforming under the strict guidelines and processes of Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-50520406786906586092019-11-20T16:57:00.001-08:002019-11-20T16:57:04.555-08:00The Microsofts Company Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsThe Microsofts Company Culture - Essay Example Business is a monopoly of strategies to start with. In a world advancing with globalization and changing with progressing innovation, constant evaluation and re-designing of policies is a necessity for business survival. Organizational behavior, strategies, decisions, environment and workforce determine the organizational success and its promotion towards progress and advancement. It is thus a necessity to look into the policies of successful companies, to render, adhere and change whatââ¬â¢s not working to whatââ¬â¢s the best. One such company which has achieved to do this is an American public multinational corporation- The Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft Corporation has efficiently articulated its policies and strategies to remain sustainable in their top position, for almost a decade. With offices in more than 60 countries, Microsoft earns more than US$16.5 billion in operating income with approximately 71,170 employees (Microsoft Corporation Annual Report 2006).Since Microsoft Corporation is an American public multinational corporation, the public is also an asset to it. Microsoftââ¬â¢s Windows operating system is home to over 95% of the world computers (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008). Microsoft has a global reach in terms of software, operating systems, internet portals etc., all being used by over millions of not only individuals, but by millions of organization and businesses hub. Some of the most widely used and innovative Microsoft products are Windows, Office applications and Microsoft Windows. Microsoft has also also has stepped inside the cable television market with MSNBC as well as MSN Internet Portal. à Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-78914527384550472062019-11-18T16:14:00.001-08:002019-11-18T16:14:03.671-08:00Final term paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsFinal term paper - Essay Example Natural resources like water supplies, fisheries, forests, mineral products, timber, and even the air should be maintained sustainably so these resources can recover and be renewable for years to come. It is an imperative need to use natural resources in a wise and prudent way for survival. Richard Buckminster Fuller is a famous inventor, systems theorist, designer, architect, and more notably, also a futurist who once remarked that ââ¬Å"normal Man is designed to be a success and the Universe gets designed to support that success. Man is essential to the success of the Universe itselfâ⬠(Fuller, 1967). From Fullerââ¬â¢s perspective, Man and Universe are co-existent and need each other for support and success. Man should achieve success via the Universe and the Universe requires Man to make it a better place. The Universe and Man exist in synergy and through their interaction each becomes successful; there is a mutually beneficial relationship and this Fuller quote indicates or implies a symbiosis. In other words, it connotes the impression Man is designed for success and it is only up to him to secure that success. The default mode for Man is to be successful and any failure is again up to him only; there is no one to blame but Man if something goes horribly wrong. Fullerââ¬â¢s thinking is Manifested in his architectural designs. Discussion Although Richard Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983) has Many great contributions to science, design, engineering, and architecture, his most famous and iconic design is the geodesic dome which is composed of a shell- or lattice-structure superimposed with a network of spheres or circles on the surface of a much larger sphere. This design is reminiscent of an eggshell which is considered as one of Natureââ¬â¢s most efficient designs ever because it maximizes its utility and at the same minimizes the use of raw materials or natural resources to achieve a utilitarian design. In other words, it extracts and exploits natural resources at Manââ¬â¢s disposal but minimizes damage to the environment by using only what is required as absolutely necessary. The Universe provides Man with the natural resources he or she requires for survival and success. The Universe provides Man for all his basic needs of food, shelter, and clothing by providing him with all forms of material things and the energy required to transform these things. Natural resources such as water and land enable Man to become creative in ways so he or she can make use of them to become socially and economically successful. A normal Man would take advantage of the resources offered by the Universe to catapult him or her to success but this is to be taken not literally but only figuratively. Man should use his or her resources wisely. The wise of use of resources is conceptualized and evidenced by the development of geodesics which is the scientific and academic discipline involving the study of how to form an enclosed space that is strong, lightweight, curved or spherical in shape that gives a rare stability to a structure and more importantly, provides or encloses the greatest volume with a least surface area required; in other words, this design makes good use of the Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-9514678322477427952019-11-16T04:46:00.001-08:002019-11-16T04:46:14.009-08:00Examining Crime And Gender Crimes Committed Criminology EssayExamining Crime And Gender Crimes Committed Criminology Essay Criminology has treated womens role in crime with a large measure of indifference. The intellectual tradition from which criminology derives its conception of these sexes maintains esteem for mens autonomy, intelligence and force of character while disdaining women for their weaknesses of compliance and passivity. Women who conform as pure, obedient daughters, wives and mothers benefit men and society (Feinman, 1994: 16). Those women who dont, that is are non-conforming, may simply be one who questions established beliefs or practices, or one who engages in activities associated with men, or one who commits a crime. These women are doubly damned and doubly deviant (Bottoms, 1996: 1). They are seen as mad not bad (Lloyd, 1995: 36). These behaviors frequently lead to interpretations of being mentally abnormal and unstable. Those doing the defining, by the very act, are never defined as other, but are the norm. As men are the norm, women are deviant. Women are defined in reference to me n (Lloyd, 1995: xvii). In the words of Young (1990), sexual difference is one of the ways in which normal is marked out from deviant (Young, 1990: ix). So why do these differences exist within the criminal justice system and society as a whole? In order to understand why offending and punishment differs between genders it is important to acknowledge and analyses past perceptions, theories and perspectives from predominant sociologists and criminologists of that time towards women in society. Up until the turn of the century, women were primarily perceived as sexual objects and expected to remain within male dominated ideologies such as homemaker, carer and nurturer taking second place after men (Oakley, 1985: 56). Women who strayed from the norm were severely punished, void of any opportunities to explain their actions. Perhaps interventions from Elizabeth Fry in the early nineteenth century campaigning for women to be housed in separate prisons from men and offered rehabilitation could be marked as the starting point for intense studies being conducted into relationships between women and crime. The conception at that time was that women must be protected from, rather than held responsible for their criminal actions. Unfortunately, such intervention only caused coaxing rather than coercion, that is, women became segregated even more as individual members of their community (Bardsley, 1987: 37). Later in the late nineteenth century, Lombroso and Ferrero (1895) wrote a book called, The Female Offender. Their theories were based on atavism. Atavism refers to the belief that all individuals displaying anti-social behaviour were biological throwbacks (Smart, 1978: 32). The born female criminal was perceived to have the criminal qualities of the male plus the worst characteristics of women. According to Lombroso and Ferrero (1895), these included deceitfulness, cunning and spite among others and were not apparent among males. This appeared to indicate that criminal women were genetically more male than female, therefore biologically abnormal. Criminality in men was a common feature of their natural characteristics, whereby women, their biologically-determined nature was antithetical to crime. Female social deviants or criminals who did not act according to pre-defined standards were diagnosed as pathological and requiring treatment, they were to be cured or removed (Lombroso and Ferrero, 1895: 43). Other predominant theorists such as Thomas (1907) and later, Pollack (1961), believed that criminality was a pathology and socially induced rather than biologically inherited. As Thomas (1967) says, the girl as a child does not know she has any particular value until she learns it from others (Thomas, 1967: 68). Pollack (1961) believed, it is the learned behaviour from a very young age that leads girls into a masked character of female criminality, that is, how it was and still is concealed through under-reporting and low detection rates of female offenders. He further states, in our male-dominated culture, women have always been considered strange, secretive and sometimes dangerous (Pollack, 1961: 149). A greater leniency towards women by police and the justice system needs to be addressed especially if a true equality of genders is to be achieved in such a complicated world . Although it may be true that society has changed since the days of Lombroso and Ferrero, past theories appear to remain within much of todays criminal justice system. Women have so many choices of which they didnt before. It would appear naive to assume that women and crime may be explained by any one theory. Any crime for that matter, whether male or female, may not be explained by any one theory. It is an established and non-arguable fact that males and females differ biologically and sociological influences, such as gender-specific role-playing appears to continue within most families. Its a matter of proportion not difference. According to Edwards (1984), the enemy is within every woman, but is not her reproductive biology, rather it is the habit regarding it into which she has been led by centuries of male domination (Edwards, 1984: 91). Many argue, the main culprit for aggression as seen in many men is testosterone. This hormone appears responsible for much of the male crime, even in todays society of increased knowledge on the subject. In contrast, extensive research over the past twenty-five years done on the testosterone/aggression link focusing on prenatal testosterone predisposing boys to be rougher than girls, concluded it was very difficult to show any connection between testosterone and aggressive behaviour (Lloyd, 1995: 26). Cross-cultural studies of ninety-five societies revealed fourty -seven percent of them were free of rape while at least thirty-three societies were free of war and interpersonal violence was extremely rare (Meidzian, 1992: 74). Based on these studies, it may be evident to suggest that sociological factors and environmental influences appear to have greater credibility in explaining criminal behaviour, whether male or female. As most women commit crimes of a lesser violent nature such as shop-lifting, leniency is given to them from law enforcement officers and judges. It is true that many women use their femininity to their advantage which makes it very difficult to argue equal rights for both sexes (Lloyd, 1995: 56). This unequal position of women in society due to social oppression and economic dependency on men and the state, needs to be addressed. Offences by women remain sexualised and pathologised. In most ways, crimes women commit are considered to be final outward manifestations of an inner medical imbalance or social instability. Their punishment appears to be aimed principally at treatment and resocialisation (Edwards, 1984: 216). The victimisation of women in medicine seems to be for her own good or in her best interests. Changing social and economic conditions, environmental influences, cultural traditions and physiological factors must be taken into account when dealing with crime. It has only been over the last thirty to fourty years that women have empowered themselves and fought for equality within all areas of society. After so many centuries of oppression and inequality, these changes can not be expected to happen over night. It is essential that society be well informed in the quest for justice. Creating a framework that is truly equitable requires a proper understanding of life beyond the courtroom door. The world is infused with gender bias and no single explanation exists for human behaviour or passivity or aggression. A complex interplay of cultural and biological factors makes people as individuals. Behaviour may be changed. All have the potential for aggression and compliance. The view that women are other, inferior and unstable because of their hormones and emotions makes it all too eas y to see them, by their very nature, as unstable, irrational, neurotic and MAD. Bardsley, B. (1987) Flowers in Hell: an investigation into women and crime, Pandora Press, London. Bottoms, A. (1996) Sexism and the Female Offender, Gower Publishing, Sydney. Carrington, K. (1993) Offending Girls, Allen and Unwin, Sydney. Edwards, S. (1984) Women on Trial, Manchester University Press, New Hampshire. Feinman, C. (1994) Women ion the Criminal Justice System, Praeger Publishers, Westport. Lloyd, A. (1995) Doubly Deviant, Doubly Damned, Penguin, Sydney. Lombroso, C. and Ferrero, W. (1895) The Female Offender, Fisher Unwin, London. Miedzian, M. (1992) Boys will be boys: Breaking the Link Between Masculinity and Violence, Virago Press, London. Oakley, A. (1985) Gender and Society, Adlershot Gower, London. Pollak, O. (1961( The Criminality of Women, A.S. Barnes, New York. Smart, C. (1978) Women, Crime and Criminology, Routledge London. Thomas, W. (1967) The Unadjusted Girl, Harper and Row, New York. Young, A. (1990) Femininity in Dessent, Routledge, London. Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2101337708307844932.post-75903587392666856912019-11-13T17:17:00.001-08:002019-11-13T17:17:04.889-08:00Emotion and Culture in Secret Life of Bees :: Secret Life of Bees EssaysHeart break, joy, love, happiness, The Book The Secret Life of Bees has it all! The book is about a young girls that accidentally shot her mother. After spending nine years with her abusive, and emotionally absent father, she decides to run away. So, she breaks her beloved nanny out of prison, and Lily escapes to Tiburon South Carolina, a town she links to her mother through the writing on one of her old possessions. While in Tiburon, Lily finds the calendar sisters three very different, very helpful sisters. The family agrees to take Lilly in, despite the fact that almost every white person in town frowns upon the very idea of this white girl staying in an African American household. While staying with the sisters, August, May, and June, Lily learns lots of things, ranging from bee keeping, to why and how her mother first left her. She falls in love, explores her past, and finds it within herself to forgive her mother for leaving her, and herself, for shooting her mom. This book is rich in both emotion, and culture. Although the main character in the book was white, the author, Sue Kidd, does a great job of depicting the African American culture during the time. Whether it was Rosaleen getting beat up in jail, or Zach dreaming of being a lawyer, this book showed you what it was like being a minority during a time when rights where still being fought for. One of the smaller conflicts in the story was a man verses man conflict, when Lily and Zach started to like each other. Though they knew that a colored man, and a white girl could never be together, they both were attracted to each other. Were they not from different cultures, people would have been fine with them dating, but because Zach was black, it couldn?t work out. Another internal conflict is how Lilly feels responsible for her mother?s death. When she was four, she accidentally shot her mom, and wasn?t able to forgive herself. The reason she runs away in the first place is because her dad tells her that her mom left her, which is both an internal, and man versus man conflict. She?s mad at her dad for saying it, but can?t fully convince herself that it isn?t true. There?s a man versus society conflict when men beat up Rossaleen because of her color, and another internal conflict when May is so overcome with grief that she cant stop crying. Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10452917003856028895noreply@blogger.com0